{"name":"Anyground ORIJO","version":"v3 concept, 29 October 2026","tagline":"Fold flat. Land anywhere. Live, farm or host guests by the next sunrise.","thesis":"ORIJO (ori = fold, jo = one tatami) turns origami from packaging into architecture: thick-panel rigid-foldable barrel vaults, Miura wings and Kresling masts whose creases are ribs, gutters and robot rails. Every function is a 910 x 1820 mm organ that plugs into one floor socket. A configurator sizes water, energy and food from physics, a licensed micro-factory cuts it, a 40 ft container carries three vault rooms as road-legal half-shell packs, two people and a small robot unfold it in a day, and Anyground keeps owning, servicing and renewing every part.","builds_on_v2":{"kept":["utility vertebra (now the KURA core)","living utility edge six-leaf canopy (now the MIURA-W wing family)","Duplex Vapor Loom water cell (now the KUMO harvester, sized by recycle-first)","Cultivation Loom fixture-first farm (now HATA cassettes on the jo grid)","precision service dock with kinematic datum (now the JO-PORT)","module passport and versioned robot task contracts"],"goes_beyond":["the occupied enclosure itself becomes a folded, membrane-hinged thick-panel shell (v2 kept moving folds off occupied rooms; v3 proposes to earn that right with a hinge test programme, M01-M02)","one dimensional standard (jo tile) for every organ and every SKU","complete typologies (farm, hotel, home, research station, lunar outpost) with order-to-operation value chain","site-adaptive anchoring that makes land a lease","ownership-plus-renewal business model (shikinen twin-pad)"],"v2_sources_internal":["docs/v2/platform-thesis.md","engineering/origami/dossier.md","engineering/water/dossier.md","engineering/farm/dossier.md","engineering/interface/dossier.md"]},"evidence_rules":{"labels":{"COMMERCIAL":"buyable today or in operating service; numbers from vendor or operator sources","EXPERIMENTAL":"demonstrated in lab or prototype by others; Anyground integration unbuilt and must pass the stated 12-month gate","SPECULATIVE":"plausible extrapolation; no integrated demonstration; funded only by partners or grants","PILOT":"operating at pilot or pre-mass-production scale by others; specifications may change"},"number_basis":{"measured":"reported in a sweep source (company claims are flagged in the label)","calculated":"derived by the formula given in source field from sweep values or declared assumptions","target":"Anyground design target, not yet achieved","modelled":"result of a simulation or model in a sweep source, not a field measurement","reported":"secondary, press, dated or not independently retrieved figure; flagged in the label","claimed":"company, vendor, manufacturer or retailer claim, or a design projection, not independently measured"},"note":"All prices of Anyground modules and typologies are illustrative targets. Dimensions of ISO containers and general physics constants used in formulas are declared as assumptions where used. Adversarial verification on 29 October 2026 corrected all thirteen mechanisms; see research/v3/verification.json."},"philosophy":[{"name":"Ma - the essential void","japanese_term_if_any":"間 (ma)","meaning":"Space is valuable because it is empty and calm; MUJI essentialism applied to systems, not only to decor.","rule":"A module enters the catalog only if it moves a measured flow (litres, kWh, kg, nights or minutes of care). No decorative creases, no feature without a meter."},{"name":"Ori - the fold is the function","japanese_term_if_any":"折り (ori)","meaning":"Folding must carry load, drain water, steer light or guide a robot, not merely shrink a parcel.","rule":"Every crease line is assigned at least one job in the module passport: rib, gutter, rail, hinge-seal or vent. A crease with no job is removed."},{"name":"Jo - one grid","japanese_term_if_any":"畳 (jō) / 間 (ken)","meaning":"The tatami module made Japanese houses interchangeable for centuries; it becomes the USB port of life support.","rule":"All plan dimensions are integer multiples of 910 mm; every organ fits one or more 910 x 1820 mm jo tiles and mates with the same JO-PORT."},{"name":"Shikinen - scheduled renewal","japanese_term_if_any":"式年遷宮 (shikinen sengū)","meaning":"Ise renews on an adjacent plot every 20 years; Nakagin designed for replacement but never financed it.","rule":"Every part ships with a published swap cycle, a twin pad beside it and a financed replacement inside the lease. Replaceability without a business model is not a feature."},{"name":"Karakuri - works without power","japanese_term_if_any":"からくり (karakuri)","meaning":"Counterweights, springs, cams and gravity produce motion with zero electricity.","rule":"Every transformation (unfold, refold, roof angle, louvre, bed) must be operable by hand, counterweight or gravity; motors and robots are add-ons, never the only path."},{"name":"Mottainai - nothing wasted","japanese_term_if_any":"もったいない (mottainai)","meaning":"Waste is an unused input.","rule":"Recycle first, harvest second: water, nutrients, heat and CO2 are looped before any new source is sized. The configurator sizes the harvester only for the residual."},{"name":"Kage no omotenashi - invisible care","japanese_term_if_any":"陰のおもてなし (kage no omotenashi)","meaning":"Service is felt, not staged; the Henn-na Hotel showed theatrical robots fail.","rule":"Autonomy lives back-of-house; guests and residents see doors, light, water and food, not robots. All units run local-first firmware and keep working if Anyground disappears."}],"architecture_language":{"grid":{"shaku_reference_mm":303,"base_module_mm":910,"jo_tile_mm":[910,1820],"ken_bay_mm":[1820,1820],"span_classes_mm":[3640,5460],"length_classes_mm":[3640,7280,10920],"clear_height_mm":2730,"panel_thickness_mm":{"temperate":80,"polar_or_mountain":120,"secondary_skin":20},"latch_and_robot_socket_pitch_mm":910,"note":"Canonical jo is fixed at 910 x 1820 mm (Kyo-ma/Edo-ma regional variants exist; sweep notes the need to pin one). WOTA Unit footprint 1680 x 780 mm fits one jo tile.","sources":["https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139924153.006","https://wota.co.jp/en/wota-unit/caribbean/","http://mcprod.cancaonova.com/4692U8L/4810U1L841/EPDF/measure-and-construction_of_the_japanese-house.pdf"]},"fold_families":[{"id":"F1","name":"YOSHI vault","origami_pattern":"Rigid-foldable one-DOF quadrilateral-panel (Miura-derived) barrel with degree-4 vertices (Tachi 2009), verified at zero facet strain in a kinematic simulator; Chen/You offset thick panels. Replaces the Yoshimura, which is not rigidly foldable. Uniform one-DOF motion; no crown-first transition front.","folded_dims_m":"2 half-shell packs, each 3.70 x 2.30 x 1.10 (80 mm panels; 1.60 high for 120 mm); target envelope to be confirmed by fold simulation","deployed_dims_m":"3.64 span x 7.28 long x 2.90 rise (YOSHI-4); 3.64 x 10.92 x 2.90 (YOSHI-6)","expansion_ratio":"about 2.6x shell only (calculated: about 48 m3 interior / 18.7 m3 of packs); about 2.2x whole room incl. floor cassettes and gables (48 / 22.2); TenFold TF-20 about 1.9x on the same basis","hinge":"KASANE hinge: tight PVDF-coated polyester membrane on the axis face of each crease, slack bellows (>= 1.2 x t x dTheta) or EPDM/silicone strip on the opening face; offset one-direction stops (Chen/You)","seal":"Inner layer = vapour control layer, outer layer = rain screen, EPDM bulb as backup air seal compressed by latch preload; valley creases drain to sill gutters; target q50 <= 1.5 m3/(h.m2)","lock":"Pultruded GFRP or hardwood edge closeouts bear in compression at design dihedral; thermally broken over-centre latch every 910 mm carries the tension side of the crease moment; base ties across span","actuation":"Gable portal winched along floor rails (geared 12 V winch; optional counterweights); haunch shoes slide on PTFE-lined sill rails as span and rise change; TSURU closes and verifies latches","materials":"Glass-FRP faces over PIR core (mycelium optional where mass allows) with edge closeouts and aerogel strips; glazed variant in twin-wall polycarbonate or ETFE cushion facets; hinoki sill, bronze cams","load_notes":"Gravity and snow carried as folded-plate shell: ridge and valley lines act as ribs, quadrilateral facets as plates, into haunch shoe, sill beam and braced ASHI legs. Wind uplift resisted by edge-closeout bearing, latches in tension and base ties into screw piles. Hinge connections, not panels, are the critical detail (FRP sandwich shelter tests).","maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL: rigid-foldable thick-panel cylinders, FRP shelters and membrane-hinge thick panels (BYU barrier, deployment only) are models or prototypes; an insulated occupied rigid-foldable vault is unbuilt","sources":["https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/2981/","https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rsta.2024.0009","https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab2870","https://doi.org/10.1201/b10971-24","https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001537","https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2025.2597982","Tachi T. 2009, 'One-DOF cylindrical deployable structures with rigid quadrilateral panels', IASS Symposium (abstract in sweep/raw-japanese-transformable.json)","https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46667-0","https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29484-1"]},{"id":"F2","name":"MIURA wing (engawa)","origami_pattern":"Thick-panel Miura-ori with uniform-thickness correction; one degree of freedom, two-corner pull","folded_dims_m":"1.00 x 0.70 x 0.60 stack (one wing)","deployed_dims_m":"7.28 x 3.64 canopy at 2.6 m eave height (26.5 m2)","expansion_ratio":"63x plan area (calculated: 26.5 m2 / (1.00 x 0.70 m) = 37.9; with 0.6 m stack the area-to-pack-volume ratio is 63 m2/m3)","hinge":"Stainless or bronze piano hinges with fabric bridge; drainage across valley folds into edge gutter","seal":"Not an enclosure; sheds rain to the valley gutter feeding KUMO/MIZU tanks","lock":"Strut-locked at deployed angle; storm stow in under 10 minutes by one actuator or hand winch (target)","actuation":"Single linear actuator or hand winch pulling the far corner (same fold flew as the SFU array)","materials":"Rigid glass-glass PV or BaSO4-painted aluminium composite facets on aluminium frame","load_notes":"Secondary structure only; struts to ASHI posts; stowed before storms (v2 living utility edge rule: locks carry loads, actuators never do)","maturity":"COMMERCIAL fold (Miura-ori on SFU); EXPERIMENTAL as PV engawa","sources":["https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j064488","https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065004"]},{"id":"F3","name":"KRES mast","origami_pattern":"Bistable Kresling cylinder cells, stacked and deployed sequentially by twist","folded_dims_m":"diameter 1.20 x 0.90 high (7 cells at 0.12 m folded + base)","deployed_dims_m":"diameter 1.20 x 6.30 high (7 cells at 0.90 m)","expansion_ratio":"7x height (calculated: 6.30 / 0.90)","hinge":"Living hinges in HDPE/composite panels; TPU bladder per cell","seal":"Bottom two cells carry a food-grade water bladder (about 2,000 L, calculated: pi x 0.6^2 x 1.8 m)","lock":"Bistable snap per cell plus a mechanical collar pin at each stable height","actuation":"One compressor pulse per cell (Bertoldi sequential bistable Kresling) or twist ring","materials":"HDPE or GFRP panels, TPU bladder, aluminium collar rings","load_notes":"Lateral wind stiffness at tower scale is unverified in literature: guyed or mast-base moment frame until tested","maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL (lab bistable Kresling, lunar tower concept)","sources":["https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3054658","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2025.104046","https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202270196"]},{"id":"F4","name":"MUTO spine","origami_pattern":"Uniformly thick degree-6 diamond vertex modules (MUTOIS) and zipper-coupled Miura tubes","folded_dims_m":"1.82 x 0.91 x 0.25 cassette","deployed_dims_m":"deck or bridge 0.91 wide x 3.64-4.0 m span; or column 2.73 m","expansion_ratio":"about 5x (calculated from fold-to-span geometry; MUTOIS reports packaging ratio >5 for deployable shelters)","hinge":"Machined aluminium hinges, multi-path folding","seal":"n/a (floor cassettes sit under the KASANE envelope)","lock":"Panels bear on each other in deployed state; zipper coupling raises stiffness about 100x against non-deploy modes only when walls are built as coupled tubes (PNAS 2015); impact absorbers are separate replaceable parts","actuation":"Linear actuator 6-8 kN or manual lever","materials":"Aluminium honeycomb or LVL panels (MDF was the lab material)","load_notes":"MUTOIS 4 m bridge carried 2.5 kN at 18 kg; 7.4 kg column carried 21 kN. Product target: 2.5 kPa residential live load on decks, verified with water bladders.","maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL","sources":["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46667-0","https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509465112","https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4054363"]},{"id":"F5","name":"RESCH roof","origami_pattern":"Thick-panel Ron Resch star-tuck tessellation with seasonal partial-fold states","folded_dims_m":"2.00 x 1.90 x 0.40 (KURA roof cap)","deployed_dims_m":"5.46 x 1.82 roof at 33% fold (summer) or 66% fold (winter)","expansion_ratio":"state-variable (33-66% fold)","hinge":"Piano hinges with fabric bridge","seal":"Over-roof (secondary) above a fixed KURA roof; valley tucks feed snowmelt gutters","lock":"Actuator holds state, mechanical pins at 33% and 66%","actuation":"One linear actuator at the central vertex; ESP32 forecast controller","materials":"30 mm foam-core aluminium composite with flexible PV laminates","load_notes":"Ron Resch unit tested under ASCE 7-22 snow at 33% and 66% folded; model error 6% and 17%","maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL (single-unit lab test)","sources":["https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-665X/aeb842/meta","https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/09560599261494767"]},{"id":"F6","name":"KIRI shoji skin","origami_pattern":"Lockable rigid-foldable origami-kirigami cells (N = 6 hex) and single-string kirigami tiles; hygromorph and Janus flip facets mounted in the grid","folded_dims_m":"0.91 x 1.82 x 0.08 panel","deployed_dims_m":"gable, partition or louvre wall to 3.64 x 2.73","expansion_ratio":"about 6x area (target)","hinge":"Bistable kirigami ligaments","seal":"Secondary skin only (ventilated gap over KASANE membrane) or interior partition","lock":"Panel contact lock at deployed state (Nat Comm 2022)","actuation":"One string pulled by hand or TSURU; wax motor or hygromorph for climate facets","materials":"Washi-laminated polycarbonate, recycled PP, 4D-printed wood-PLA flaps, BaSO4/carbon Janus facets","load_notes":"Non-structural","maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL","sources":["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29484-1","https://newatlas.com/good-thinking/origami-structures-deploy-pull-string/","https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c03288","https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/ac0c8e"]},{"id":"F7","name":"KASA curved-crease canopy","origami_pattern":"Curved-crease shells approximated by self-shaping hygromorphic timber bilayers and bistable auxetic sheets (inverse-designed)","folded_dims_m":"flat bundle 3.64 x 1.82 x 0.30","deployed_dims_m":"single-curved canopy up to 7.28 x 3.64 (target)","expansion_ratio":"n/a: flat-to-curved shaping, not volume expansion","hinge":"none: curvature is programmed in the material","seal":"ETFE or radiative-cooling membrane over","lock":"Curvature locked by drying and interlocking (HygroShell) or by bistability (EPFL)","actuation":"Controlled drying in transit or on site (Urbach/Wangen precedent) or push-into-place","materials":"Spruce or hinoki veneer bilayers (30 mm active over 10 mm restrictive in Urbach), HDPE sheet for the bistable version","load_notes":"Wangen: 12 curved CLT segments carry all wind loads of a 23 m tower; Anyground use limited to canopies until tested","maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL (pavilion-scale pilots); curved-crease folding of thick insulated panels is SPECULATIVE","sources":["https://www.icd.uni-stuttgart.de/publications/peer-reviewed-papers/From-Machine-Control-to-Material-Programming-Self-Shaping-Wood-Manufacturing-of-a-High-Performance-Curved-CLT-Structure-Urbach-Tower/","https://archello.com/es/project/wangen-tower","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383531937_Structural_design_and_construction_of_a_self-shaping_single_curved_timber_structure_HygroShell","https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/288103/files/paper.pdf"]},{"id":"F8","name":"HOSHI gravity dome","origami_pattern":"Pyramidal-Based Approximated Dome (PBAD) thick-panel pattern deployed by gravity and wire tension","folded_dims_m":"2.00 x 2.00 x 0.60 (one pallet)","deployed_dims_m":"3.64 x 3.64 plan x 2.60 high","expansion_ratio":"14x (calculated: about 34.4 m3 approximated dome volume 3.64 x 3.64 x 2.6 x 0.67 / 2.40 m3 pack); PBAD prototype reported 15x","hinge":"KASANE membrane hinge","seal":"As F1","lock":"Wire tension plus contact lock and floor-ring latch","actuation":"Lift crown by tripod winch or telehandler, release; gravity unfolds in tens of seconds","materials":"PET-foam/aluminium honeycomb or EPP-core panels with FRP faces","load_notes":"Sleeping pod; dome action into floor ring on ASHI legs","maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL (metre-scale PBAD prototype, 1.5 x 1.5 x 1 m, about 20 kg)","sources":["https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04241-8"]}],"skins":[{"id":"SK1","name":"Washi-white radiative skin","spec":"BaSO4 acrylic (98.1% solar reflectance, emissivity 0.95) or TiO2 anti-aging coating (0.4-0.5% reflectance loss after simulated 3 years)","use":"hot climates: roofs, tanks, condensers","maturity":"COMMERCIAL/pilot","sources":["https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c02368","https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32409-7"]},{"id":"SK2","name":"Janus flip facet","spec":"BaSO4 white face / carbon-black face / 10 mm aerogel core; 12 C differential measured on lab membrane","use":"one SKU for hot and cold seasons","maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL","sources":["https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c03288","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112365"]},{"id":"SK3","name":"ETFE cushion with OPV","spec":"3-layer U 1.96 W/m2K, g 0.50; semi-transparent OPV 9.26% at 43.2% transparency","use":"farm vault glazing","maturity":"COMMERCIAL ETFE; OPV lab-to-pilot","sources":["https://expert.taylors.edu.my/file/rems/publication/112001_12983_1.pdf","https://www.mvapulse.com/organic-solar-modules-achieve-9-26-efficiency-breakthrough/"]},{"id":"SK4","name":"Sweating shell (permanent)","spec":"cementitious evaporative-radiative paint, about 30% water retention, 88-92% reflectance","use":"humid tropics, permanent TRC shells","maturity":"pilot","sources":["https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adt3372","https://link.springer.com/article/10.1617/s11527-026-03285-0"]},{"id":"SK5","name":"Chalk wash consumable","spec":"CaCO3 whitewash, seasonal, removable","use":"summer shading of polycarbonate and ETFE","maturity":"COMMERCIAL","sources":["https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20260625-why-the-french-are-painting-chalk-on-their-windows"]},{"id":"SK6","name":"Yakisugi and moss (landscape)","spec":"charred cedar cladding on KURA core (MUJI Hut palette); bioreceptive moss concrete on permanent plinths (vendor claim up to 8 C cooler surfaces)","use":"forest, rooftop, long-stay sites","maturity":"COMMERCIAL","sources":["https://ateliercabin.com/cases/muji-hut","https://thedirt.news/moss-enabled-concrete-offers-new-pathway-for-urban-cooling-and-biodiversity/"]}],"palette":[{"name":"Washi white","hex":"#F3EFE6","use":"panel faces, radiative skin"},{"name":"Sumi ink","hex":"#1F1E1C","use":"Janus dark face, text, robot body"},{"name":"Hinoki","hex":"#D8B88A","use":"sills, floors, furniture, interior faces"},{"name":"Yakisugi","hex":"#2B2522","use":"KURA core cladding"},{"name":"Bronze knuckle","hex":"#8C6A3F","use":"hinges, latches, datum balls, rails"},{"name":"Koke moss","hex":"#6E7B4F","use":"farm, landscape, signage of living systems"},{"name":"Aizome indigo","hex":"#2E3D55","use":"water systems, membranes, night lighting"}],"materials":[{"name":"Glass-FRP / foam sandwich","role":"thick facets","evidence":"full-size origami sandwich shelters tested under wind pressure; hinge connections critical","sources":["https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001537","https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002240"]},{"name":"Mycelium composite core","role":"insulation grown from hemp or straw","evidence":"0.040-0.066 W/m.K; PHRR 134-243 kW/m2","sources":["https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17246111"]},{"name":"Silica aerogel blanket","role":"thin insulation at hinges and edges","evidence":"0.013-0.023 W/m.K","sources":["https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112365","https://www.huataolover.com/buy-aspen-aerogel-spaceloft.html"]},{"name":"Vacuum insulation panels","role":"never-cut polar facets","evidence":"vendor R-35-50 per inch; puncture risk","sources":["https://doi.org/10.3390/EN12010053"]},{"name":"PVDF-coated polyester membrane","role":"continuous hinge, seal and vapour layer","evidence":"fabric surrogate hinges with thick panels (BYU); PFAS concerns noted for fluoropolymers","sources":["https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/2981/"]},{"name":"Hygromorphic hinoki/spruce bilayer","role":"curved canopies and furniture that shape themselves while drying","evidence":"Urbach 14.2 m, Wangen 23 m; HygroShape furniture actuates at 30-60% RH","sources":["https://www.icd.uni-stuttgart.de/publications/peer-reviewed-papers/From-Machine-Control-to-Material-Programming-Self-Shaping-Wood-Manufacturing-of-a-High-Performance-Curved-CLT-Structure-Urbach-Tower/","https://archello.com/es/project/wangen-tower","https://doi.org/10.1145/3745778.3766658"]},{"name":"Twin-wall polycarbonate and ETFE","role":"glazed farm facets","evidence":"ETFE 3-layer U 1.96","sources":["https://expert.taylors.edu.my/file/rems/publication/112001_12983_1.pdf"]},{"name":"Phosphor-bronze and stainless hardware","role":"latches, knuckles, datum balls, robot rails","evidence":"design choice; hinges machinable from standard metal stock","sources":["https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab2870"]},{"name":"Phase-change pouches","role":"floor thermal buffer for desert nights","evidence":"116-290 kJ/kg; $0.09-6.60/kg","sources":["https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1265403"]},{"name":"Clinoptilolite zeolite","role":"nutrient cartridge and urine ammonium sink","evidence":"NASA zeoponics; 3 successive crops on charged zeolite","sources":["https://doi.org/10.1061/40479(204)106","https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14030350"]}]},"mechanisms":[{"id":"M01","title":"KASANE hinge: the fold that seals, stops and locks itself","ingredients":["BYU membrane-fold surrogate hinge (thick panels on a fabric hinge; deployment demonstrated)","One thickness method per article: Tachi tapered panels (limited fold range) or Chen/You offset panels (flat-folding, stepped stack)","Tight axis-face membrane plus slack bellows or elastomeric strip on the opening face","Pultruded GFRP or hardwood edge closeouts as the bearing surface","Lockable origami-kirigami contact lock","Thermally broken latch as a primary tension member","FRP/PIR sandwich shelter panels","v2 rule: locks, not actuators, carry service loads","Japanese fusuma panel craft"],"one_liner":"Two membranes and a gasket replace taped seams: a tight membrane on the axis face of each crease and a slack bellows on the face that opens carry air, rain and vapour across the fold, a structural edge closeout takes bearing, and a thermally broken latch carries the tension side of the crease moment.","how_it_works_steps":["Facet panels are glass-FRP sandwiches with a PIR core: 80-120 mm for temperate sites; polar sites need 200-250 mm PIR-equivalent (U about 0.09-0.11 W/m2K at panel centre). A mycelium core is an option only where mass and U targets allow (it adds 7-24 kg/m2 at 120 mm).","Every panel edge carries a structural closeout of pultruded GFRP or hardwood, 15-25 mm deep. This closeout, not the core, is the bearing surface; a 10-20 mm aerogel strip sits behind it to keep the thermal line continuous.","Each test article uses one thickness method. The Miura wall uses Tachi tapered panels, which have a limited fold range, so its folded thickness is taken from the fold geometry. The vault uses Chen/You offset panels, which fold flat but need stack depth for the offset hinge lines. No packing figure assumes both at once.","Rigid-foldability is checked before tooling: the crease pattern is run in a kinematic simulator (MERLIN or Origami Simulator) and must show zero facet strain through the whole fold. Patterns that need facet bending or snap-through (for example the classic Yoshimura) are not used for rigid thick panels.","At each crease the rotation axis sits on one face, and that face alternates between mountain and valley creases. A tight vacuum-laminated PVDF-coated polyester membrane spans the crease on the axis face. On the opposite face the edge gap changes by about t x dTheta, so the membrane there is a slack loop or bellows of at least 1.2 x t x dTheta (about 230 mm for t = 120 mm and a 90 degree fold change; about 150 mm for t = 80 mm), or a bonded EPDM or silicone strip with at least 300% elongation.","The inner layer is the vapour control layer and the outer layer the rain screen; at each valley the space between them drains to the sill gutter, with a heat-traced or self-draining outlet at cold sites.","The offset or taper geometry lets each crease close only to its design dihedral; faces meet and stop it, so a wall cannot over-rotate even if a winch is mis-operated.","At the design dihedral the edge closeouts bear on each other in compression. Under wind reversal the tension side of each crease moment passes through the latch, so the latch is a primary structural member: latch tension T is about M_crease / (0.8 t), and it is sized for fatigue as well as preload.","The latch is thermally broken: a GFRP or polyamide body with a bronze cam only at the bearing point, mounted on the inside face behind the vapour layer so it does not pierce the membrane.","An EPDM bulb gasket inside the membrane is compressed by the same latch preload as a second air barrier.","Each latch carries a Hall-effect position sensor and a strain gauge; the module passport records engaged or not, and TSURU verifies every latch after deployment.","A failed membrane or bellows strip is cut out over 300 mm and re-laminated with a field vacuum kit as an obi patch (target 30 minutes)."],"components":[{"name":"Facet panel","material":"Glass-FRP faces, PIR core (mycelium optional), aerogel strip behind edge closeout","spec":"80-120 mm temperate, 200-250 mm PIR-equivalent polar; 10-12 kg/m2 at 120 mm PIR (calculated)"},{"name":"Edge closeout","material":"Pultruded GFRP channel or hardwood","spec":"15-25 mm deep bearing surface; allowable bearing stress from closeout datasheet, not from the core (PIR about 0.15-0.3 MPa)"},{"name":"Axis-face membrane","material":"PVDF-coated polyester, vacuum laminated","spec":"tight across crease; target 2,000 fold cycles"},{"name":"Opening-face bellows","material":"Slack PVDF-polyester loop, or EPDM/silicone sheet (>= 300% elongation) bonded to membrane","spec":"length >= 1.2 x t x dTheta (150 mm at 80 mm, 230 mm at 120 mm, 90 degree fold)"},{"name":"Over-centre latch","material":"GFRP or polyamide body, bronze cam at bearing point only, stainless pin","spec":"primary tension member; T = M_crease / (0.8 t); 910 mm pitch; inside face behind vapour layer; Hall sensor"},{"name":"Backup gasket","material":"EPDM bulb","spec":"compressed 30-40% at preload (target)"},{"name":"Obi repair kit","material":"Membrane roll, adhesive, portable vacuum pump","spec":"300 mm patch, 30 min (target)"}],"key_numbers":[{"label":"Deployment of thick panels on membrane-fold hinges (BYU ballistic barrier); weathertightness, insulation and cycle life unreported","value":"demonstrated (deployment only)","unit":"qualitative","basis":"measured","source":"https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/2981/"},{"label":"MUTOIS MDF-truss column, 1 m: precedent for uniform-thickness origami carrying load, not for sandwich edge bearing (Zhu & Filipov, Nat Commun 2024)","value":"21 kN at 7.4 kg","unit":"kN / kg","basis":"measured","source":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46667-0"},{"label":"Edge gap change on the opening face of a crease","value":"about 125 (t = 80 mm) to 190 (t = 120 mm)","unit":"mm per 90 degree fold change","basis":"calculated","source":"t x dTheta = t x pi/2"},{"label":"Required bellows or slack-loop length on the opening face","value":"about 150 (t = 80 mm) / 230 (t = 120 mm)","unit":"mm","basis":"calculated","source":"1.2 x t x dTheta"},{"label":"Maximum facet strain during fold in kinematic simulation","value":"0 (rigid-foldable pattern required)","unit":"%","basis":"target","source":"MERLIN or Origami Simulator check before tooling; any non-zero strain means a compliant design with its own snap-through test"},{"label":"Latch tension per unit crease length","value":"T = M_crease / (0.8 t); e.g. 0.5 kN.m/m on t = 100 mm gives about 6.3 kN/m, or about 5.7 kN per latch at 910 mm","unit":"kN","basis":"calculated","source":"lever arm about 0.8 t; crease moment of 0.5 kN.m/m is an illustrative assumption to be replaced by the FE wind case"},{"label":"Panel areal mass, 120 mm PIR core","value":"about 10-12","unit":"kg/m2","basis":"calculated","source":"GFRP 2 x 1.5 mm (about 3.8) + PIR 120 mm at 32 kg/m3 (3.8) + two membranes (1.2-1.8) + adhesive"},{"label":"Panel areal mass, 120 mm mycelium core at 60-200 kg/m3","value":"about 13-30","unit":"kg/m2","basis":"calculated","source":"as above with 7-24 kg/m2 core"},{"label":"Panel-centre U, 120 mm PIR (temperate only)","value":"about 0.18","unit":"W/m2K","basis":"calculated","source":"lambda 0.022 / 0.12 m, surface resistances ignored"},{"label":"Panel-centre U, 200-250 mm PIR-equivalent (polar)","value":"about 0.09-0.11","unit":"W/m2K","basis":"calculated","source":"lambda 0.022 / 0.20-0.25 m"},{"label":"Whole-wall U including creases and latches (polar)","value":"<= 0.15","unit":"W/m2K","basis":"target","source":"Anyground gate; measured by hot box or calibrated thermal camera"},{"label":"Envelope airtightness of 2 x 2 x 2 m test box and of the shell (same basis)","value":"q50 1.0-1.5","unit":"m3/(h.m2) envelope at 50 Pa","basis":"target","source":"Anyground gate G1; 1.0 on the 8 m3 box equals about 3.0 ACH50, so a low-flow blower-door ring or duct blaster is required"},{"label":"Fold-cycle life of membrane hinge and bellows","value":"2,000","unit":"cycles","basis":"target","source":"Anyground gate G1"},{"label":"Latch fatigue life at service wind load","value":">= 1,000,000","unit":"cycles","basis":"target","source":"Anyground gate G1"},{"label":"Latch pitch","value":"910","unit":"mm","basis":"target","source":"jo grid"}],"maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL: each ingredient is a prototype or lab result; the weathertight, insulated building hinge with an opening-face bellows is unbuilt and is the single most important risk in ORIJO.","prototype_12mo":{"build":"2.4 m thick-panel Miura wall section (Tachi tapered panels) and a 3.64 m span x 1.82 m long rigid-foldable quadrilateral-panel vault strip (Chen/You offset panels; pattern verified at zero facet strain), both with axis-face membranes, opening-face bellows, edge closeouts, thermally broken latches and gaskets; a 2 x 2 x 2 m sealed test box built from the same facets; hinge coupons for ageing.","bom_cost_usd_range":"70,000-150,000 including rigs, chamber rental and lab fees (materials only about 18,000-35,000)","test":"Water spray rig (EN 12865-style) on every opening-side crease; low-flow blower-door or duct-blaster test of the box (q50); 2,000 powered fold cycles on the full articles at ambient; UV and freeze-thaw ageing in parallel on hinge and bellows coupons (ISO 4892-2 / EN 12467-style blocks); latch tension and fatigue tests; hot-box or calibrated thermal-camera whole-wall U; sandbag uplift on the strip; fire screening by cone calorimeter (ISO 5660) on panel plus membrane laminate.","pass_criterion":"No water penetration in the spray sequence; box q50 <= 1.5 m3/(h.m2); membrane and bellows intact and leakage rise < 25% after 2,000 cycles; latch preload retained within 10%; coupons pass ageing blocks; cone-calorimeter results consistent with a target of Euroclass B-s2,d0 (EN 13501-1), with NFPA 285 as the US route.","kill_criterion":"Membrane delamination before 500 cycles, box q50 > 3.0 m3/(h.m2) with gasket, or water penetration at any opening-side crease (bellows): occupied enclosures revert to the v2 rule (fixed insulated rooms, origami only on unoccupied canopies and wings)."},"risks":["UV and abrasion ageing of the coated fabric and bellows at outside creases","Ice formation in valley drainage channels and condensation at crease lines in cold climates","Fire performance of FRP and foam cores (no code route proven yet)","Thermal bridging at latches and edge closeouts","Latch fatigue under wind reversal","PFAS regulation of fluoropolymer coatings"],"sources":["https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/2981/","https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab2870","https://doi.org/10.1201/b10971-24","Tachi T. 2009, 'One-DOF cylindrical deployable structures with rigid quadrilateral panels', IASS Symposium (abstract in sweep/raw-japanese-transformable.json)","https://doi.org/10.1115/DETC2016-59747","https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29484-1","https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46667-0","https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001537","https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002240"]},{"id":"M02","title":"YOSHI vault: the one-day thick-panel barrel room","ingredients":["Rigid-foldable one-DOF quadrilateral-panel cylinder (Tachi 2009), replacing the non-rigid-foldable Yoshimura","Chen/You offset thick panels (flat-folding stack)","Kinematic simulation with zero facet strain before tooling","Karakuri counterweights or a geared 12 V winch","TenFold-style app-triggered unfold","MUTOIS floor cassettes","KASANE hinge (M01)","ASHI legs (M03)"],"one_liner":"Two road-legal half-shell packs, each 3.70 x 2.30 x 1.10 m, unfold on one degree of freedom into a 26.5 m2 insulated barrel vault of about 48 m3 whose creases are its ribs, its gutters and its robot rails.","how_it_works_steps":["ASHI legs are set and levelled; MUTOIS floor cassettes unfold onto them to form a 3.64 x 7.28 m floor diaphragm with a sill beam on each long side.","The shell ships as two half-length (3.64 m, 2-bay) packs. Each is lowered onto two kinematic datum pins, at the fixed gable for the first half and at the splice frame for the second; transit straps are released by app command after a pre-check.","The crease pattern is a rigid-foldable quadrilateral-panel (Miura-derived) cylinder with degree-4 vertices, built with Chen/You offset panels and checked in a kinematic simulator at zero facet strain. It has one degree of freedom, so the whole half-shell moves together; there is no crown-first transition front.","The moving gable portal is winched along floor rails. Because span and rise change as the cylinder extends, the haunch shoes run in PTFE-lined slides along the sill rails; the slide travel is designed, not left to friction. Near the folded state the pull force rises steeply, so the first part of the stroke uses a geared winch or a jack start, and counterweights (optional) balance the rising facets.","If a staged opening is needed, it comes from staged latches or control cables, not from the pattern.","At full extension the one-way offset stops engage; the two halves are joined at a latched splice ring frame; TSURU walks the ridge rail and closes each latch at 910 mm pitch, logging sensor state.","Haunch facets lock into the sill shoe; tension ties across the span resist spreading thrust.","Kirigami shoji gables (F6) unfold by one string; the door cassette and the KURA core dock by JO-PORT.","A blower-door fan in the KURA core pressurises the shell; leaks are localised by TSURU thermal camera and fixed before handover.","Load path: snow and self-weight travel as folded-plate shell action along ridges and valleys to haunch shoes, sill beams, ASHI legs and anchors; wind uplift returns through edge-closeout bearing, latches in tension and base ties. Retraction is the reverse."],"components":[{"name":"Facet set","material":"KASANE panels (M01), Chen/You offset","spec":"about 87 m2 developed area for YOSHI-4 (calculated: arc about 8.5 m x 1.2 corrugation x 7.28 m x 1.2); panel solid volume 6.96 m3 at 80 mm, 10.4 m3 at 120 mm"},{"name":"Gable portals and splice frame","material":"Aluminium frame, hinoki infill","spec":"about 300 kg in total (estimate); winch mount"},{"name":"Haunch shoe slide","material":"Stainless shoe on PTFE-lined sill rail","spec":"travel from fold simulation; friction coefficient <= 0.1 (target)"},{"name":"Winch and optional counterweights","material":"Geared 12 V winch; steel counterweight cassette","spec":"about 300 kg if counterweights travel with the unit"},{"name":"Floor cassettes","material":"MUTOIS aluminium-honeycomb modules","spec":"2 x 4 ken, 2.5 kPa live load target"},{"name":"Ridge rail","material":"Segmented aluminium T-slot, socket bolted through to ridge beam","spec":"datum socket every 910 mm, broken at every transverse crease"},{"name":"Base ties","material":"Dyneema or stainless rod with turnbuckle","spec":"one per 1.82 m bay"}],"key_numbers":[{"label":"Floor area YOSHI-4","value":"26.5","unit":"m2","basis":"calculated","source":"3.64 m x 7.28 m"},{"label":"Interior volume after shell thickness and inward corrugation","value":"about 48","unit":"m3","basis":"calculated","source":"0.62-0.65 fill factor (assumption) x 3.64 x 2.90 x 7.28 = 47.6-49.9 m3"},{"label":"Usable floor area at >= 2.1 m headroom","value":"about 17-18","unit":"m2","basis":"calculated","source":"65-70% of 26.5 m2"},{"label":"Panel solid volume vs pack","value":"6.96 (80 mm) / 10.4 (120 mm)","unit":"m3","basis":"calculated","source":"87 m2 x t; pack must be at least panel volume / 0.5 (thick-panel stows at about 40-60% packing efficiency)"},{"label":"Pack, 80 mm panels","value":"2 x (3.70 x 2.30 x 1.10) = 18.7","unit":"m3","basis":"target","source":"envelope to be confirmed by Chen/You fold simulation; packing efficiency about 37%; 2.30 m width fits EU 2.55, US 2.6 and Japan 2.5 m road limits and the 2.35 m ISO container interior"},{"label":"Pack, 120 mm panels","value":"2 x (3.70 x 2.30 x 1.60) = 27.2","unit":"m3","basis":"target","source":"same basis"},{"label":"Expansion ratio, shell only (exterior pack to interior deployed)","value":"about 2.6","unit":"x volume","basis":"calculated","source":"48 / 18.7"},{"label":"Expansion ratio, whole room incl. floor cassettes and gables (+3.5 m3)","value":"about 2.2","unit":"x volume","basis":"calculated","source":"48 / 22.2"},{"label":"TenFold TF-20 on the same basis (exterior pack to interior deployed)","value":"about 1.9","unit":"x","basis":"calculated","source":"2,888 ft3 deployed interior / (20 x 8 x 9.5 = 1,520 ft3) folded exterior; https://tenfoldengineering.com/tf-20"},{"label":"TenFold TF-20 interior to interior","value":"about 3.6","unit":"x","basis":"calculated","source":"2,888 / 800 ft3 (manufacturer dimensions, https://tenfoldengineering.com/tf-20)"},{"label":"FoldEX stowed-volume reduction (4 x 2.7 x 2.7 m to 4 x 0.8 x 2.7 m)","value":"about 70","unit":"%","basis":"measured","source":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2025.2597982"},{"label":"Max Space softgoods (planned flight article)","value":"10x (2 m3 to 20 m3)","unit":"x","basis":"claimed","source":"TechCrunch 2024-07-27: https://techcrunch.com/2024/07/27/max-space-reinvents-expandable-habitats-with-a-17th-century-twist-launching-in-2026/"},{"label":"YOSHI-4 shipped per 40 ft HC container (80 mm panels)","value":"3","unit":"rooms","basis":"calculated","source":"6 half-packs: 3 along 12.03 m x 2 high in 2.69 m (ISO internal dimensions, assumption)"},{"label":"Mass YOSHI-4","value":"<= 2,200","unit":"kg","basis":"target","source":"1,220 kg facets (87 m2 x 14 kg/m2) + about 300 portals + about 150 latches and rails + about 300 winch or counterweight system + ties; without travelling counterweights about 1,900 kg"},{"label":"Lift energy of the facets","value":"about 8","unit":"kJ","basis":"calculated","source":"1.2 t x 9.81 x 0.7 m; energy is trivial, the design issue is peak force near the folded state"},{"label":"Crease length and vertices","value":"about 300 m, dozens of degree-4 vertices","unit":"m","basis":"calculated","source":"87 m2 of facets about 0.9 m across"},{"label":"Shell airtightness","value":"q50 <= 1.5 (about 4 ACH50 at 48 m3 and about 130 m2 envelope)","unit":"m3/(h.m2)","basis":"target","source":"Anyground gate; equals about 0.65 m3/(h.m) of crease at 50 Pa, close to EN 12207 Class 4 window joints (0.75 at 100 Pa): the hardest number in the concept"},{"label":"Deploy time from packs on pad to sealed shell","value":"<= 4","unit":"h","basis":"target","source":"Anyground gate G2 (month 12-18)"},{"label":"Ron Resch thick-panel model error under ASCE 7-22 snow (code-check method reference)","value":"6-17","unit":"%","basis":"measured","source":"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-665X/aeb842/meta"}],"maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL: rigid-foldable thick-panel cylinders exist as models and small prototypes; an insulated, airtight, snow-loaded occupied vault is unbuilt.","prototype_12mo":{"build":"Precondition: M01 hinge built and through at least 500 test cycles by month 4. Then one half-length (3.64 m, 2-bay) full-section YOSHI shell on a test pad with ASHI legs, gable portal, haunch slides and geared winch; temperate 80 mm panels; pattern verified at zero facet strain before tooling.","bom_cost_usd_range":"60,000-120,000","test":"Fold simulation vs measured pack envelope; 5 timed deploy/retract cycles with 2 people + TSURU v0; winch force and haunch-slide travel log; water-bladder roof load to 1.5x the pilot-site design snow load (ASCE 7-22 basis); wind uplift by bladder/winch rig; blower door (q50). Winter thermal logging and the 20-cycle wear test move to a month 12-18 gate on the full-length shell.","pass_criterion":"Measured pack within the 3.70 x 2.30 x 1.10 m envelope; half-shell deploys <= 4 h with no crane; deflection within FE prediction +/- 20%; q50 <= 1.5 m3/(h.m2) at month 12 (fallback <= 2.5).","kill_criterion":"Facets need > 25% extra mass for stiffness, deployment needs a crane, or leakage cannot be brought below q50 3.0 m3/(h.m2): freeze occupied YOSHI and sell F2/F3 wings and masts on fixed rooms."},"risks":["Snow drift on crease valleys creating unbalanced loads","Tolerance stack-up across about 300 m of crease and dozens of vertices","Haunch slide friction and peak winch force near the folded state","Pack envelope not yet confirmed by fold simulation","Code approval of a novel folded shell","Hinge wear during repeated relocations"],"sources":["Tachi T. 2009, 'One-DOF cylindrical deployable structures with rigid quadrilateral panels', IASS Symposium (abstract in sweep/raw-japanese-transformable.json)","https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab2870","https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/facpub/2981/","https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/abs/10.1098/rsta.2024.0009","https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmetsd.2022.212","https://tenfoldengineering.com/tf-20","https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46667-0","https://doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2025.2597982","https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-665X/aeb842/meta","https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.19763","https://techcrunch.com/2024/07/27/max-space-reinvents-expandable-habitats-with-a-17th-century-twist-launching-in-2026/"]},{"id":"M03","title":"ASHI legs: anchoring that turns land into a lease","ingredients":["Halley VI jackable legs and skis (re-jack as snow builds)","TenFold self-levelling hydraulic legs (manufacturer spec)","Shigeru Ban beer-crate ballast foundations (crates with sandbags)","Helical screw piles (no trench)","Mechanical pin or lock-nut height lock, with a separate replaceable impact absorber","X-bracing or moment-rigid sill-to-leg connection","No-trench intake pre-heat: thermal helical piles or HRV frost pre-heater; optional separate earth-tube trench","Hiroshima Mobile Bridge deployable access"],"one_liner":"Four to eight self-levelling legs on screw piles put a habitat on soil without a foundation pour or a trench, with a braced lateral load path; roof, snow, rock, water and regolith feet are concept-level options that each need their own structural case.","how_it_works_steps":["Site scan by drone photogrammetry and a probe rod gives slope, soil class and obstacles; the configurator selects leg count, pile length and cut-off heights.","Coarse slope is taken up by pile cut-off height or a stepped sill. Each telescoping leg then carries a jack for fine trim only: +/-115 to +/-230 mm (TenFold spec: 9 in total surface variability, hydraulic), which is about 3% (1.8 deg) over 7.28 m.","Screw piles are driven by a compact excavator auger head (target 15 min per pile). No trench is dug.","Lateral load goes through X-bracing between legs or a moment-rigid sill-to-leg connection. Each leg and pile head is rated for at least 1.5 x 1/n of the wind shear (about 5-10 kN per leg for 4-8 legs).","Height is held by a mechanical pin or threaded lock nut with a published load rating. A separate replaceable impact absorber is fitted only where an impact case exists. Snow build-up and settlement are handled by re-jacking, as at Halley.","Leg capacity comes from commercial jacks, e.g. 2-5 t rated per leg against about 5.4 kN static per leg for YOSHI-4 on 4 legs, plus wind and snow combinations.","HRV intake air is protected from frost without a trench: a glycol loop in thermal helical piles feeds a pre-heat coil, or an electric frost pre-heater (about 0.3-1 kW) sits on the HRV. A separate earth-tube trench is an option only for multi-year sites.","Rooftops: zero penetrations only for HOSHI-class pods, subject to a structural check (even HOSHI-2 needs about 1-2 t of ballast). YOSHI-4 on an existing roof needs a spreader steel frame bearing on columns or beams, or mechanical tie-downs.","To leave, legs retract, piles unscrew and the site is restored."],"components":[{"name":"Telescoping leg","material":"Aluminium/steel tube with commercial jack (2-5 t rated)","spec":"trim +/-115 to +/-230 mm; pin or lock-nut height lock"},{"name":"Screw pile","material":"Galvanised helical pile","spec":"pull-out and lateral capacity from site tests"},{"name":"Bracing","material":"Steel X-bracing or moment sill connection","spec":">= 5-10 kN lateral per leg (target)"},{"name":"Impact absorber (optional)","material":"Replaceable crush cartridge","spec":"only where an impact case exists"},{"name":"Frost pre-heat","material":"Thermal-pile glycol loop + coil, or electric HRV pre-heater","spec":"about 100 W per 60 m3/h per 5 K; 0.3-1 kW"},{"name":"Concept feet (not in prototype)","material":"Ballast pallet box with bagged sand / UHMW ski / stainless rock plate / HDPE pontoon / regolith bag","spec":"each needs its own structural, buoyancy or mooring case"}],"key_numbers":[{"label":"TenFold self-levelling range (hydraulic, 12 V DC)","value":"9 in (229 mm) total surface variability","unit":"manufacturer claim","basis":"claimed","source":"https://tenfoldengineering.com/tf-20"},{"label":"Halley VI relocation (modules on hydraulic legs and skis)","value":"23","unit":"km moved 2016-17","basis":"measured","source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley_Research_Station"},{"label":"Earth-air exchanger, Ahmedabad: 50 m finned 100 mm mild-steel pipe, 3 m deep, 5.6 m3/min, 400 W blower, soil 26.6 C; winter air","value":"8.3 to 23.0","unit":"C","basis":"measured","source":"Sharan & Jadhav 2003, https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2003401.1021"},{"label":"Same exchanger, summer outlet","value":"about 27","unit":"C","basis":"measured","source":"Sharan & Jadhav 2003; hot semi-arid site, not a cold-climate basis"},{"label":"Optional earth-tube trench excavation","value":"45-150","unit":"m3","basis":"calculated","source":"1 m wide x 1.5-3 m deep x 30-50 m long; shoring or benching past 1.5 m (OSHA 1926.652)"},{"label":"HRV electric frost pre-heat","value":"about 100","unit":"W per 60 m3/h per 5 K","basis":"calculated","source":"Q = rho x cp x V x dT = 1.2 x 1005 x (60/3600) x 5"},{"label":"YOSHI-4 wind uplift","value":"about 15-32","unit":"kN","basis":"calculated","source":"q = 0.5 x 1.25 x V^2 = 0.7-1.5 kPa for V = 34-48 m/s; U = q x Cp,net 0.8 x 26.5 m2"},{"label":"YOSHI-4 dead load","value":"about 21.6","unit":"kN","basis":"calculated","source":"2,200 kg x 9.81"},{"label":"Ballast for uplift","value":"about 0.3-3.2","unit":"t","basis":"calculated","source":"B >= U/0.6 - D"},{"label":"Ballast for sliding","value":"about 2.4-7.5","unit":"t","basis":"calculated","source":"H = q x 0.8 x 21 m2 = 12-25 kN; N >= 1.5 H / mu (mu 0.4) = 45-95 kN, minus D"},{"label":"Static load per leg, YOSHI-4 on 4 legs","value":"about 5.4","unit":"kN","basis":"calculated","source":"21.6 kN / 4"},{"label":"Pile install time","value":"15","unit":"min/pile","basis":"target","source":"Anyground"}],"maturity":"COMMERCIAL components (screw piles, jacks, bracing); EXPERIMENTAL as a levelled, braced leg system; SPECULATIVE for ski, pontoon, rock-plate, rooftop-ballast and regolith feet","prototype_12mo":{"build":"Leg set with screw piles, jacks, pin locks and bracing for the M02 half-length test shell; electric HRV frost pre-heater; one rooftop-ballast feasibility calculation with a structural engineer, using commercial pallet boxes or bagged sand (no custom crate mould).","bom_cost_usd_range":"25,000-60,000","test":"Levelling accuracy on a graded slope with stepped sill; pile pull-out and lateral load tests; leg and bracing lateral test at 1.5x design shear; frost pre-heat performance in a cold chamber or winter site.","pass_criterion":"Level within +/- 5 mm after trim; pull-out >= 2x design uplift; lateral capacity per leg >= 1.5 x 1/n of design wind shear; HRV intake above -5 C (target) in local winter.","kill_criterion":"Screw piles cannot meet uplift plus lateral load at typical soils without concrete: switch to precast pad footings and keep the leg and jack system."},"risks":["Frost heave on piles","Low lateral capacity of helical piles in soft soil","Wind sliding on roofs and roof structural capacity under ballast","Trench safety and excavation cost where an earth tube is chosen","Biofouling, fitting corrosion, permitting of open-water heat exchange, mooring and stability for the pontoon foot","Custom crate tooling (about USD 50-150k mould) if a jo crate is ever made"],"sources":["https://www.bas.ac.uk/polar-operations/sites-and-facilities/facility/halley/halley-vi-research-station-design/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halley_Research_Station","https://tenfoldengineering.com/tf-20","https://naturalbuildingblog.com/a-paper-log-house/","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148119308821","https://doi.org/10.52151/jae2003401.1021","https://transsolar.com/projects/busan-oceanix-floating-city-prototype","https://newatlas.com/mobile-bridge-version-4/38583/"]},{"id":"M04","title":"JO-PORT: the tatami socket for life support","ingredients":["Tatami/ken grid (910 x 1820 mm)","WOTA Unit footprint (fits one jo; later integration partner)","Quasi-kinematic datum: hardened steel balls on hardened V-block inserts, gravity on flat pads","Flat-face dry-break couplers (ISO 16028 class) with isolation valve and interstitial test volume","48-60 V DC bus with a house DC load budget","Kigumi-style edge keys in LVL or steel with wedge take-up","Sekisui Heim HAPPS kitting and module passport"],"one_liner":"A 910 x 1820 mm floor tile with a three-point datum spread over the module footprint and separate utility islands that every organ - water, battery, farm cassette, bath, bed - plugs into like a tatami mat, after a passport handshake and a leak test.","how_it_works_steps":["The datum is spread over the whole module: two hardened steel balls (>= 58 HRC) at the port end and one at the far end, running in hardened steel V-block inserts pressed into the tile. The balls carry lateral location under light preload; the module's weight goes to flat bearing pads, so contact stress stays within the insert's capacity (quasi-kinematic).","The port box at one short end floats about +/-3 mm on a compliant mount, so the ports mate relative to the module, not the tile. It holds separate islands for DC 48-60 V, potable in, grey out, optional air duct and data (CAN/Ethernet + NFC).","The organ is lowered by TSURU (when available) or rolled by two people; lead-in cones guide the V-grooves onto the balls and a spring clamp preloads the seat.","NFC reads the module passport (ID, revision, mass, ratings, ports, firmware); the controller compares it with the site configuration.","Enable sequence for each fluid island: mate flat-face dry-break couplers, pressurise the closed interstitial volume, run a pressure-decay test on the transducer, then open the downstream solenoid isolation valve. Then DC precharge, then power. Any failure leaves that island isolated.","Urine never passes a dry-break coupler: it leaves by a gravity drain with an air gap, or by a flushable quick-disconnect with an acid-flush cycle against struvite.","Neighbouring tiles lock edge-to-edge with LVL or steel keys at 1-2 mm clearance and a wedge or cam take-up; the 0.5 mm datum is local to each tile, so tolerances do not stack across tiles.","Removal reverses the sequence; residual fluid falls into the tile drip tray; the passport logs the event.","Critical organs (water, battery) get a twin port on the adjacent tile, which costs one free 1.66 m2 jo per critical organ, so a replacement is live before the old one is pulled (shikinen)."],"components":[{"name":"Datum set","material":"Hardened 52100 steel balls (>= 58 HRC), hardened steel V-block inserts, flat bearing pads","spec":"two balls at port end, one at far end; at 1.3 kN a 25 mm ball on hardened steel gives p0 about 2.5-3 GPa (calculated)"},{"name":"Port box","material":"Cast aluminium on compliant float","spec":"+/-3 mm float"},{"name":"Water islands","material":"Stainless flat-face dry-break couplers (ISO 16028 class), solenoid isolation valve, test port, pressure transducer","spec":"potable and grey separated; urine by gravity drain"},{"name":"DC island","material":"Blind-mate connector (Anderson-class)","spec":"2 kW per port; house DC total <= 2 kW at 48 V, or a 60 V bus; heavy loads (bath, heat pump) on 380 V DC or AC"},{"name":"Edge keys","material":"LVL or steel","spec":"1-2 mm clearance, wedge or cam take-up"},{"name":"Passport tag","material":"NFC + QR","spec":"links to fleet record"}],"key_numbers":[{"label":"WOTA Unit: footprint inside a 1820 x 910 jo (65-70 mm margins), AC 115 V/60 Hz, 400 W rated, 170 kg dry, 450-720 L/day, under development for mass production","value":"1680 x 780","unit":"mm","basis":"claimed","source":"https://wota.co.jp/en/wota-unit/caribbean/ (vendor spec)"},{"label":"Hybrid AC/DC house efficiency gain, only while DC load < 1.5-2.0 kW; a 60 V bus extends the range","value":"4-11","unit":"%","basis":"modelled","source":"https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v15.i3.pp1458-1474 (MATLAB/Simulink)"},{"label":"DC house system efficiency gain, 2 climates (losses down 19-46%)","value":"1.3-8.8","unit":"%","basis":"modelled","source":"https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3407"},{"label":"Sekisui Heim HAPPS: parts picked per house from catalogue (2006)","value":"about 30,000 of about 300,000","unit":"parts","basis":"reported","source":"ISARC 2006, https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2006/0068"},{"label":"Contact stress, R = 10 mm bronze ball on cast aluminium at 1.3 kN (rejected design)","value":"about 1.8","unit":"GPa","basis":"calculated","source":"Hertz, E* about 48 GPa, a about 0.59 mm; 6-9x the yield of A356-T6"},{"label":"Angular error of a datum clustered at one end (rejected design)","value":"about 2.5 mrad, about 4.5 mm at the far end","unit":"mrad / mm","basis":"calculated","source":"0.5 mm play over about 200 mm ball spacing"},{"label":"Floor area cost of twin ports","value":"1.66","unit":"m2 per critical organ","basis":"calculated","source":"0.91 x 1.82"},{"label":"Swap time of a 1-jo organ","value":"< 60 two-person (robot time only if TSURU available)","unit":"min","basis":"target","source":"Anyground"},{"label":"Datum repeatability after 500 cycles with ISO 12103-1 A4 coarse dust, measured at the far end of the module","value":"<= 0.5","unit":"mm","basis":"target","source":"Anyground (v2 interface dossier principle)"}],"maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL integration of COMMERCIAL parts (connectors, DC hardware); the water organ is a stand-in, because the WOTA Unit is PILOT (pre-mass-production, AC only, no port interface)","prototype_12mo":{"build":"Six floor tiles with spread datums, floating port boxes and isolated fluid islands, plus three organs: a buildable DC greywater test organ (pump, filter, UV, tanks, 50-150 kg), a 10-15 kWh LiFePO4 rack and an NFT farm rack; DC precharge and protection electronics; test rig.","bom_cost_usd_range":"35,000-60,000","test":"500 mate/unmate cycles with ISO 12103-1 A4 coarse dust and mud; interstitial pressure-decay tests; electrical precharge faults; datum repeatability by CMM or dial-indicator rig at the far end of the module; two-person swap timing; urine-drain struvite run.","pass_criterion":"Zero leaks and zero unsafe enables in 500 cycles; datum repeatability <= 0.5 mm at the far end after 500 dusty cycles; swap < 60 min by two people; robot swap timing only if TSURU is available.","kill_criterion":"> 1% false mates or seal damage from dirt: split the port into a datum tile plus a separate hand-connected utility panel."},"risks":["Dirt and ice in couplers","Struvite and calcium scale fouling in urine lines","House DC load above about 2 kW erasing the 48 V DC advantage","Standardising before the catalogue is stable","DC arc-fault protection maturity","WOTA Unit availability outside Japan and pilot regions"],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2006/0068","https://wota.co.jp/en/wota-unit/caribbean/","https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3407","https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v15.i3.pp1458-1474","https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2022.2.111","https://doi.org/10.1007/s41693-026-00210-3","https://www.energy2mqtt.org/protocols/victron/index.html"]},{"id":"M05","title":"KUMO loom: desert water from night air, sized for the residual","ingredients":["Recycle first (WOTA-class greywater regeneration, 90-95% net in desert conditions)","MOF-303 / MOF-801 and CaCl2-hydrogel sorbents, one cycle per day","v2 Duplex Vapor Loom thermal swing on folded copper lamellae","Morning desorption window against a night-cooled condenser mass","Glazed solar-thermal collector (70-100 C) with PV-T as preheat","Calcite/dolomite remineralisation with a listed CO2 supply","UV-C LED barrier","KRES mast gravity tank"],"one_liner":"Recycle first, then harvest only drinking, cooking and make-up water from night air: sorbent cassettes load at night and release in the cool morning to a night-chilled condenser, driven by glazed solar heat - a harvester about 5-15x smaller than one that makes all water from air.","how_it_works_steps":["SIZE: the configurator computes harvest = people x (demand x (1 - net recovery) + 2-3 L drinking and cooking), with demand 60-100 L/person/day (water-conserving) and 90-95% net recovery in desert conditions, giving about 5-13 L/person/day. Yield per kg is taken from single-cycle passive data, not lab multi-cycle data.","CAPTURE (night): rack louvres open and low-power DC fans pull air through the sorbent beds - CaCl2-hydrogel composite or MOF-303 bonded to folded copper lamellae (v2 cassette). The rack runs one cycle per day; shaded daytime desert air (5-15% RH) is below the MOF-303 uptake step, so there is no daytime capture.","RELEASE (morning, about 07:00-11:00): the beds are shuttered into a sealed chamber and heated by a glazed solar-thermal collector loop; PV-T backsheet heat is used only as preheat or for CaCl2 composites. The governing check is p_sat(T_cond) / p_sat(T_bed) <= 0.1 for MOF-303 (e.g. condenser 25 C and bed about 70 C) or <= 0.2-0.25 for CaCl2 (bed about 55-60 C at a 25 C condenser). A DC trim heater fills cloudy-morning gaps.","CONDENSE: vapour goes to a condenser backed by night-cooled thermal mass or ground-coupled water that is separate from the potable tank, with a radiative-cooling coating on its shaded face; condensate drips into a weighed sump. Condenser temperature and the residual sorbent loading at the end of each release are logged.","VERIFY: conductivity, turbidity and temperature are logged; water defaults to the grey loop until in specification.","PURIFY: activated-carbon polish, then a calcite/dolomite mineral cartridge with CO2 dosing from a food-grade cylinder, then UV-C LED at 265-280 nm, then a chlorine residual for storage. Lithium checks apply only if a LiCl sorbent is used.","STORE: food-grade bladder in the base cells of the KRES mast (3-6 m gravity head) with a radiative-cooled top.","DISTRIBUTE: gravity to JO-PORT potable islands; DC booster pump; UV ring at each tap as the final barrier.","FALLBACK: fog-mesh skin on coastal deserts and ridges, a commercial hydropanel or AWG, or a truck fill port; the harvester never carries life safety alone."],"components":[{"name":"Sorbent cassette","material":"CaCl2-hydrogel composite or MOF-303 on folded copper lamellae","spec":"2 kg active sorbent each; 12 per rack (24 kg)"},{"name":"Solar-thermal collector","material":"Glazed flat-plate or evacuated-tube collector; PV-T backsheet plate as preheat","spec":"70-100 C delivery to bed loop"},{"name":"Condenser and cold mass","material":"Aluminium panel, radiative coating, night-cooled water or ground-coupled loop","spec":"separate from potable storage"},{"name":"Mineral cartridge + CO2","material":"Food-grade calcite + dolomite; food-grade CO2 cylinder","spec":"refill every 6-12 months (target)"},{"name":"UV-C module","material":"265-280 nm LED flow reactor","spec":"DC, few watts"}],"key_numbers":[{"label":"MOF-801 passive single-cycle desert yield, Arizona","value":"about 0.1","unit":"L/kg/day","basis":"measured","source":"https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat3198"},{"label":"MOF-303 fully passive harvester, real desert climate","value":"about 0.285","unit":"L/kg/day","basis":"measured","source":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.device.2023.100054"},{"label":"CaCl2-hydrogel composite, single cycle per day","value":"0.3-0.8","unit":"L/kg/day","basis":"target","source":"must be measured on the KUMO-2 bench"},{"label":"MOF-303 1.3 L/kg/day (indoor, 32% RH, 20-minute rapid cycling with active heating)","value":"active multi-cycle, not applicable to KUMO","unit":"L/kg/day","basis":"measured","source":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.9b00745"},{"label":"Vapour-pressure check for desorption into a condenser","value":"<= 0.1 (MOF-303); <= 0.2-0.25 (CaCl2)","unit":"p_sat(T_cond)/p_sat(T_bed)","basis":"calculated","source":"e.g. p_sat(25 C) 3.17 kPa / p_sat(70 C) 31.2 kPa = 0.10; a 35-42 C midday condenser would need an 85-95 C bed"},{"label":"Heat needed per litre harvested","value":"2-4","unit":"kWh_th/L","basis":"calculated","source":"0.8 kWh/L desorption enthalpy / 20-40% system thermal efficiency"},{"label":"PV-T backsheet thermal yield at a 60 C outlet","value":"about 1.4-2.1","unit":"kWh_th/m2/day","basis":"calculated","source":"7 kWh/m2/day x 0.2-0.3"},{"label":"Collector area per person for drinking and cooking water only (2-3 L)","value":"about 2-9","unit":"m2","basis":"calculated","source":"2-3 L x 2-4 kWh/L / 1.4-2.1 kWh/m2/day"},{"label":"WOTA Unit treatment capacity (not demand)","value":"438-720","unit":"L/day","basis":"claimed","source":"https://wota.co.jp/en/wota-unit/ (vendor spec)"},{"label":"WOTA Unit recovery, with rainwater replenishment","value":"up to 97","unit":"%","basis":"claimed","source":"https://wota.co.jp/en/wota-unit/ (vendor: actual rate may vary)"},{"label":"Harvest need per person","value":"about 5-13","unit":"L/day","basis":"calculated","source":"60-100 L demand x 5-10% loss (3-10 L) + 2-3 L drinking and cooking"},{"label":"Harvester size reduction from recycle-first","value":"about 5-15","unit":"x","basis":"calculated","source":"60-100 L/person/day / 5-13 L/person/day, central range"},{"label":"KUMO-12 rack output (24 kg sorbent, one cycle per day)","value":"2.4-12","unit":"L/day","basis":"calculated","source":"24 kg x 0.1-0.5 L/kg/day; about 0.3-1.5 persons' residual per rack"},{"label":"Refrigeration AWG energy at 26.7 C / 60% RH; stops below 30-35% RH","value":"about 0.3","unit":"kWh/L","basis":"measured","source":"https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/accec9"},{"label":"Annual PV yield loss of a PV-T panel vs a ventilated reference panel","value":"<= 3","unit":"%","basis":"target","source":"Anyground gate"}],"maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL (passive sorbents at pilot scale; WOTA Unit pre-mass-production; integration unbuilt). The recycle-first architecture with commercial make-up is the investable core.","prototype_12mo":{"build":"KUMO-2 bench: two beds, 2 x 2 kg sorbent (CaCl2-hydrogel first, MOF-303 if purchasable), glazed solar-thermal collector with a PV-T preheat panel, night-cooled condenser mass separate from storage, treatment train with CO2 dosing; at an arid field site plus a climate chamber.","bom_cost_usd_range":"15,000-35,000","test":"90 days of logged L/kg/day against night RH and temperature on one cycle per day; condenser temperature log; residual loading at end of each release; collector heat delivered per litre; PV yield vs a ventilated reference panel; full potable lab panel after treatment; salt carry-over checks.","pass_criterion":">= 0.3 L/kg/day field mean at 20-40% night RH for CaCl2 composites, or >= 0.2 L/kg/day for MOF-303, on one cycle per day; measured heat <= 4 kWh_th/L; <= 3% annual PV yield loss vs a ventilated reference panel; potable lab pass.","kill_criterion":"< 0.15 L/kg/day or unsolved salt carry-over: buy commercial hydropanels or AWG/MOF units (SOURCE, AirJoule, Ahbstra class) for make-up and keep the recycle-first architecture."},"risks":["MOF availability and price unknown","Collector area per person larger than the roof allows at low-yield sites","Dust fouling of sorbent beds","Salt leaching from composites","Condenser mass too warm after hot nights"],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat3198","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.device.2023.100054","https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.9b00745","https://www.wired.com/story/startup-atoco-makes-water-from-air-using-data-centers/","https://chenected.aiche.org/2025/12/atmospheric-water-harvesting-path-toward-global-water-security","https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-018-0028-9","https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/16/4250","https://wota.co.jp/en/wota-unit/","https://doi.org/10.1088/2634-4505/accec9","https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/18/17/2073","https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301479724014282","https://arena.gov.au/knowledge-bank/source-hydropanel-demonstration-report/","https://finance.yahoo.com/news/airjoule-technologies-commissions-atmospheric-water-130000078.html","https://www.munichre-foundation.org/en/climate-adaptation/archive/fognets/fognet_technology.html"]},{"id":"M06","title":"MOTTAINAI loop: five streams, near-zero sewer","ingredients":["WOTA greywater biology + membrane + RO + UV/Cl (pilot-scale appliance)","Urine-diverting dry toilet","Urine stabilisation by storage or acidification, then a regenerated zeolite exchange bed","Aurin/VUNA full-nitrification route as the alternative (approved for edible crops in Switzerland, 2018)","NASA zeoponics and BIONA ionitoponics","Black soldier fly larvae digester sized to household waste","ISS condensate recapture","Biosphere 2 variable-volume lung with a filtered transfer line"],"one_liner":"Separate grey, yellow, brown, green and air-moisture streams at the source, and each becomes an input or a regulated export: showers come back as showers, urine nitrogen is captured on a regenerated zeolite bed as fertiliser, kitchen waste feeds larvae, and a sanitary holding tank stays as the legal fallback.","how_it_works_steps":["SEPARATE at the source: urine-diverting dry toilet (no blackwater), grey drains (kitchen sink via a grease interceptor), kitchen organics bin, crop residue chute, HRV/dehumidifier condensate line.","GREY: the MIZU organ runs biology, membrane, RO, UV and chlorine; up to 97% is reused with rainwater make-up (vendor spec); make-up water is logged separately; RO reject goes to solar membrane distillation, ornamental irrigation or the holding tank.","YELLOW: urine is stabilised by storage or acidification so ammonium (NH4+) stays the dominant species, then passes a clinoptilolite exchange bed that captures NH4+ and K+ at 10-20 mg N/g. The bed is regenerated in place with a KCl or NaCl rinse, which produces a liquid NH4/K fertiliser; it is not a disposable pod. (Alternative: full nitrification to nitrate liquor used directly as hydroponic feed, the Aurin/VUNA route.)","Charged zeolite also feeds zeoponic seedling trays and substrate beds in HATA; surplus nitrogen goes to outdoor beds or to a fertiliser offtake, because one NFT rack uses only a few percent of household urine N.","BROWN: dried faeces from the ventilated chamber are composted thermophilically for non-food landscape, or incinerated or collected where regulation requires.","GREEN: kitchen and crop residue (about 1-2 kg/day for 4 people) feed a BSF larvae bin on a 10-14 day cycle; larvae feed fish or poultry, frass goes to outdoor beds.","AIR-MOISTURE: plant transpiration and breath are condensed by the dehumidifier and HRV and returned to the grey intake.","LUNG: sealed farm modules carry a bladder that absorbs pressure swings and receive the living unit's CO2-rich exhaust through a HEPA and activated-carbon stage, within a stated humidity budget (target about 1,000 ppm CO2 in the grow zone).","SODIUM: recirculating nutrient is bled off on a sodium set point to the holding tank (urine carries about 2-4 g Na per person per day).","MONITOR: EC, pH, ORP, turbidity and Na online; quarterly lab panels for pathogens and pharmaceuticals; anything out of spec goes to the sanitary holding tank or septic connection."],"components":[{"name":"MIZU organ","material":"WOTA-Unit-class partner appliance (pre-mass-production)","spec":"1680 x 780 x 1400 mm, 170 kg, 400 W rated (more with heater)"},{"name":"Urine store / acidification tank","material":"HDPE","spec":"120 L per 4-8 people (target)"},{"name":"Zeolite exchange bed","material":"Natural clinoptilolite 0.9-2.5 mm","spec":"25-50 kg for 4 people, regenerated weekly with KCl/NaCl rinse (calculated)"},{"name":"BSF bin","material":"HDPE trays, self-harvest ramp","spec":"1-2 kg waste/day for 4 people"},{"name":"Lung bladder + transfer line","material":"TPU bladder; HEPA + activated-carbon filter","spec":"5-10% of grow-zone air volume (target)"},{"name":"Sanitary holding tank","material":"HDPE or septic connection","spec":"regulated fallback; sodium bleed and out-of-spec streams"}],"key_numbers":[{"label":"ISS water recovery with Brine Processor","value":"98","unit":"%","basis":"measured","source":"https://www.nasa.gov/missions/station/iss-research/nasa-achieves-water-recovery-milestone-on-international-space-station/"},{"label":"Lunar Palace 365 material closure (abstract not independently retrieved)","value":"98.2","unit":"%","basis":"reported","source":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.12.002"},{"label":"Lunar Palace urine recovery (abstract not independently retrieved)","value":"99.7","unit":"%","basis":"reported","source":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.12.002"},{"label":"Lunar Palace solid-waste recovery (the hard part; abstract not independently retrieved)","value":"67","unit":"%","basis":"reported","source":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.12.002"},{"label":"Urine nitrification energy (alternative route only)","value":"about 13 W per person primary (about 0.5 kWh/day electric for 4 people)","unit":"W per capita","basis":"measured","source":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.485 (Fumasoli 2016)"},{"label":"WOTA Unit electric draw","value":"400 W rated (more with heater), up to 9.6","unit":"kWh/day","basis":"calculated","source":"400 W x 24 h; vendor rating https://wota.co.jp/en/wota-unit/"},{"label":"Dehumidifier condensate energy","value":"about 0.3-0.7","unit":"kWh/L","basis":"calculated","source":"residential units give 1.5-3 L/kWh"},{"label":"Nitrogen in urine","value":"8.8","unit":"g N/person/day","basis":"measured","source":"https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.485"},{"label":"Zeolite exchange capacity needed for 4 people","value":"about 1.8-3.5","unit":"kg/day","basis":"calculated","source":"4 x 8.8 g N / 10-20 mg N per g zeolite"},{"label":"Urine N excreted vs one NFT lettuce rack uptake (4 people)","value":"about 12.8 vs 0.25-0.5","unit":"kg N/yr","basis":"calculated","source":"4 x 8.8 g x 365; rack uptake at about 2.5 g N per kg fresh weight"},{"label":"BSF pilot (FCR 1.7-3.6 on dry matter, so not a wet-to-wet figure)","value":"190 kg food waste to 79 kg larvae","unit":"kg","basis":"measured","source":"https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239864"},{"label":"BSF wet-basis bioconversion used for sizing","value":"15-25","unit":"%","basis":"target","source":"household-scale literature range; to be measured"},{"label":"Biosphere 2 leak rate","value":"< 10","unit":"%/yr","basis":"measured","source":"https://ecotechnics.edu/wp-content/uploads/backup/2011/08/Ecol-Eng-1999-Bio-2-Engineering-Design-Dempster.pdf"},{"label":"Share of excreted urine N recovered into crops or exported products","value":"20-50","unit":"%","basis":"target","source":"Anyground"},{"label":"Nitrogen mass-balance closure","value":"within +/-10","unit":"%","basis":"target","source":"Anyground"}],"maturity":"PILOT grey loop (WOTA Unit pre-mass-production; WOTA BOX commercial for showers); EXPERIMENTAL urine-to-zeolite and closed nitrogen loop","prototype_12mo":{"build":"Household-scale loop: commercial urine-diverting toilet, urine storage/acidification tank, regenerated zeolite exchange columns, NFT lettuce rack plus zeoponic seedling trays and a substrate bed, BSF bin, greywater recycler (WOTA BOX rental where available), filtered CO2 transfer line, sanitary holding tank.","bom_cost_usd_range":"15,000-40,000","test":"12 months nitrogen and water mass balance; edible-tissue pathogen and pharmaceutical tests; zeoponic trays and NFT vs Hoagland control for 3 cycles; sodium trend and bleed volume; odour and user-acceptance logs.","pass_criterion":"No pathogen exceedance in edible tissue; grey reuse >= 90% measured with make-up water logged separately; 20-50% of excreted urine N recovered into crops or exports with N balance closed within +/-10%; yield >= 85% of control.","kill_criterion":"Urine-derived fertiliser fails food-safety tests: route it to ornamentals, landscape and fertiliser offtake, keep the grey loop and BSF. Regulator refusal is a jurisdictional risk (Aurin is approved for edible crops in Switzerland), not a global kill."},"risks":["Regulatory acceptance of urine-derived fertiliser varies by jurisdiction","Pharmaceutical residues","Sodium and salt build-up in recirculating nutrient","Nitrogen surplus with no local outlet","Humidity, VOC and bioaerosol transfer from living unit to farm","BSF economics failed industry-wide (internal service only)"],"sources":["https://wota.co.jp/en/wota-unit/","https://wota.co.jp/en/wota-box/","https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2015.485","https://doi.org/10.1061/40479(204)106","https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14030350","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lssr.2015.12.002","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.12.002","https://www.nasa.gov/missions/station/iss-research/nasa-achieves-water-recovery-milestone-on-international-space-station/","https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239864","https://www.insectinstitute.org/news/777-million-invested-five-failed-insect-farming-companies-what-happened","https://ecotechnics.edu/wp-content/uploads/backup/2011/08/Ecol-Eng-1999-Bio-2-Engineering-Design-Dempster.pdf","https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Space_Engineering_Technology/Melissa","https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c20653"]},{"id":"M07","title":"HATA loom: the fully autonomous farm on a jo pitch","ingredients":["v2 Cultivation Loom fixture-first design","Spread Techno Farm tray standardisation (design capacity)","Rail arm on a fixed-position fruit wall (cherry tomato; strawberry with bumblebee or brush fallback)","FarmBot gantry and cable robot for a later outdoor phase","Duckweed skim shelves (LED, lighting energy counted)","DLI recipe library + digital twin","EDEN ISS small-sealed-system data as the worst case","Local-first firmware (Freight Farms lesson)"],"one_liner":"Make every plant legible to cheap machines: trays on a 910 mm pitch move on rollers, fixed cameras and a rail arm find each plant at a known coordinate, and the farm keeps running if Anyground disappears.","how_it_works_steps":["PLAN: the twin takes site climate, solar resource, people and diet, then returns crop mix (greens, herbs, cherry tomatoes or strawberries, duckweed protein), cassette count, kWh/day and kg/week.","SOW: a seed-metering cartridge drops pelleted seed into plugs in half-jo trays (910 x 455 mm) on mineral substrate at the nursery tier. Zeoponic (urine-charged zeolite) substrate is used for edible crops only after its separate bench trial passes pathogen and pharmaceutical assays.","MOVE: trays ride roller lanes; one linear shuttle per HATA cassette indexes trays between four tiers and re-spaces them onto wider-pitch trays at about day 10 and day 20 (Spread logic).","MONITOR: fixed cameras per tier measure canopy area, colour and tipburn; the twin updates a probabilistic harvest date per tray.","IRRIGATE AND FEED: NFT with mineral nutrient solution and automatic EC/pH dosing; transpiration recaptured.","LIGHT AND AIR: indoor tiers run DLI recipes at 14-17 mol/m2/day with fixtures of at least 2.7-3.0 umol/J; glazed YOSHI-6G vaults use daylight with LED top-up; occupant CO2 is ducted in through a filtered lung line.","POLLINATE AND HARVEST: cherry tomatoes sit in a rigid gutter grid; a rail arm pollinates by vibration or air pulse (shown for buzz-pollinated tomatoes) and picks by camera at known coordinates. Strawberries need even pollen spread, so a strawberry wall uses bumblebees or a brush fallback. Greens are harvested by whole tray at a cutting station.","CLEAN AND RECYCLE: trays pass a clean-in-place station; residues go to BSF.","MAINTAIN AND QUARANTINE: pump, LED and seeder cartridges are swapped through JO-PORTs; any cassette can be sealed and sanitised alone (Bowery pathogen lesson).","ADAPT: desert adds HIMURO cold store and shading; arctic runs fully sealed with LED heat recovered; a later outdoor phase adds FarmBot beds and a cable robot under BYOBU-PV fences."],"components":[{"name":"HATA-4 cassette","material":"Aluminium frame, food-grade PP trays","spec":"1 jo footprint, 4 tiers, 6.6 m2 canopy (part used as nursery and re-spacing)"},{"name":"Fruit wall arm","material":"Low-cost 6-axis cobot on V-slot rail","spec":"camera + vibration/air nozzle + cutter"},{"name":"LED fixtures","material":"Horticultural LED","spec":">= 2.7 umol/J (>= 3.0 to hold 12.5 kWh/kg)"},{"name":"Twin + firmware","material":"Home Assistant/ESPHome, open recipes","spec":"local-first, cloud optional"},{"name":"Later outdoor phase (not in 12-month build)","material":"4-cable robot kit, FarmBot, byobu aeroponic screens","spec":"after indoor gate"}],"key_numbers":[{"label":"Vertical-farm lettuce yield, medians (scientific literature 48.3, company declarations 69.5)","value":"48-70","unit":"kg FW/m2/yr","basis":"measured","source":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-025-01055-w (WUR review, Fig. 2)"},{"label":"Vertical-farm lettuce yield, company-declared mean (upside only)","value":"105","unit":"kg FW/m2/yr","basis":"claimed","source":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-025-01055-w"},{"label":"Large vertical-farm energy intensity (0.08-0.13 kg/kWh; literature range 5-33 kWh/kg)","value":"8-12.5","unit":"kWh/kg","basis":"measured","source":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-025-01055-w"},{"label":"Water-use efficiency","value":"about 140","unit":"g FW/L","basis":"measured","source":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-025-01055-w"},{"label":"HATA-4 cassette output","value":"6.1-8.9","unit":"kg/week","basis":"calculated","source":"6.6 m2 x 48-70 kg/m2/yr / 52"},{"label":"HATA-4 lighting energy","value":"about 11.5","unit":"kWh/day","basis":"calculated","source":"6.6 m2 x DLI 17 mol/m2/day / 2.7 umol/J"},{"label":"HATA-4 average power","value":"about 600-800","unit":"W","basis":"calculated","source":"11.5 kWh/day / lighting share 0.6-0.8 / 24 h"},{"label":"HATA-4 energy intensity","value":"about 11-22, central about 15","unit":"kWh/kg","basis":"calculated","source":"14.4-19.2 kWh/day / 0.87-1.27 kg/day"},{"label":"EDEN ISS small sealed system (incl. Antarctic heating, mixed crops): worst case","value":"about 256","unit":"kWh/kg","basis":"calculated","source":"0.8 kW/m2 x 12.5 m2 x 24 h x 286 days / 268 kg; https://www.freshplaza.com/north-america/article/9136884/substantial-vegetable-harvest-in-antarctica/"},{"label":"EDEN next design: fresh veg per crew member","value":"about 0.5","unit":"kg/day","basis":"claimed","source":"design projection, https://www.freshplaza.com/north-america/article/9136884/substantial-vegetable-harvest-in-antarctica/"},{"label":"Duckweed yield, outdoor tank culture, sunlight, 10-20 g/L dairy manure (1979)","value":"14.9","unit":"g dry/m2/day","basis":"measured","source":"https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1749-7345.1979.TB00076.X"},{"label":"Duckweed yield planned under LED indoors","value":"about 5-10","unit":"g dry/m2/day","basis":"target","source":"Anyground planning value; shelf lighting counted in UKI-P power"},{"label":"Strawberry harvesting robots in field tests (overall / picking-point step)","value":"about 62 / about 84","unit":"% success","basis":"reported","source":"recent reviews via Google Scholar"},{"label":"Labour share of vertical-farm costs","value":"1/4 to 1/3","unit":"share","basis":"measured","source":"https://www.agnavigator.com/Article/2024/11/05/What-does-Bowery-s-closure-tell-us-about-the-future-of-vertical-farming/"},{"label":"Crew time per HATA cassette","value":"<= 30","unit":"min/week","basis":"target","source":"Anyground gate"},{"label":"Spread Techno Farm Keihanna design capacity (tray standardisation at scale, not low labour at cassette scale)","value":"30,000","unit":"heads/day","basis":"reported","source":"press: https://www.foodengineeringmag.com/articles/94320-japan-to-develop-fully-automated-lettuce-factory"}],"maturity":"COMMERCIAL components; EXPERIMENTAL integration and autonomy level","prototype_12mo":{"build":"In a reefer container, independent of YOSHI, TSURU, JO-PORT and MOTTAINAI: two HATA-4 cassettes, one cherry-tomato (or strawberry with bumblebee fallback) fruit wall with rail arm, one duckweed shelf, local-first firmware. Commissioned by month 4, then 6 months of logged production on mineral nutrient. Urine-charged zeolite runs as a separate bench trial with pathogen and pharmaceutical assays before any edible harvest.","bom_cost_usd_range":"50,000-100,000","test":"Six months of continuous production with logged crew minutes, kWh/kg, pick success and fruit damage, pathogen incidents; separate zeoponic bench trial.","pass_criterion":">= 6.5 kg greens/week/cassette (or the equivalent per m2 of finishing-tier area) at <= 15 kWh/kg; <= 30 crew min/week/cassette; pick success >= 65% with <= 5% fruit damage at fixed coordinates (80% stretch).","kill_criterion":"> 60 crew min/week/cassette, > 20 kWh/kg, or < 5 kg/week/cassette after two cycles: sell the farm as a staffed workcell (v2 position), not as autonomous."},"risks":["Energy cost of indoor greens (only high-value or remote-premium crops pay)","Crop pathogens in closed systems","Pick success below human level in cluttered canopies","Food-safety and GAP certification of urine-derived substrate","Vertical-farm sector failures colour investor perception"],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-025-01055-w","https://www.foodengineeringmag.com/articles/94320-japan-to-develop-fully-automated-lettuce-factory","https://www.dw.com/en/robots-to-harvest-30000-lettuce-heads-a-day/a-36229269","https://genesis.farm.bot/v1.8/assembly/intro/high-level-overview.html","https://cms.tecnalia.com/uploads/2020/01/Catalogue_CableRobotics.pdf","https://www.fertilizerdaily.com/20241125-four-growers-develops-robots-to-address-greenhouse-labor-shortages/","https://www.greenhousegrower.com/technology/greenhouse-tomato-pollinator-robot-coming-to-life/","https://verticalfarming.blog/oishii-series-c-vertical-farming-investors/","https://doi.org/10.3390/HORTICULTURAE4040035","https://doi.org/10.1061/40479(204)106","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_light_integral","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2026.104532","https://www.freshplaza.com/north-america/article/9136884/substantial-vegetable-harvest-in-antarctica/","https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1749-7345.1979.TB00076.X","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.134894","https://www.verticalfarmdaily.com/article/9728357/freight-farms-files-for-chapter-7-bankruptcy-leaving-growers-disconnected/","https://elevenflo.com/blog/plenty-unlimited-bankruptcy","https://pitchbook.com/news/articles/bowery-farming-collapse-leaf-eating-pathogen-failed-acquisition","https://www.agnavigator.com/Article/2024/11/05/What-does-Bowery-s-closure-tell-us-about-the-future-of-vertical-farming/"]},{"id":"M08","title":"IRORI spine: heat the human, bank PV as heat-pump hot water, run on DC","ingredients":["48-60 V DC spine","LFP stationary packs inside / sodium-ion outside the envelope","MIURA PV wings + BYOBU vertical bifacial fences","CO2 heat pump charging a 300-500 L insulated water tank (default heat store)","Optional 0.4-0.6 t radiant sand or soapstone hearth (comfort product)","Kotatsu/footwarmer personal comfort data (office evidence)","HRV with frost pre-heat","Princess Elisabeth priority ladder","Victron Venus OS + Home Assistant local-first fleet brain"],"one_liner":"Size heat for people, not air; bank surplus PV as heat-pump hot water at 2.5-3 kWh of heat per PV kWh; keep a small radiant hearth only as a comfort option; and run every organ on a 48-60 V DC spine with a published priority ladder - autonomy becomes a software product.","how_it_works_steps":["ENVELOPE FIRST: the configurator picks panel class, kotatsu table, heated sleeping platform and HRV before any PV is sized, and plans a winter deficit at high latitude rather than a surplus.","GENERATE: MIURA wings over the engawa (about 4.5 kWp after facet, hinge and frame packing losses) and BYOBU vertical bifacial fences (snow-shedding, albedo gain); micro-hydro or small HAWT only as measured-site bonuses.","DISTRIBUTE: MPPTs feed a 48-60 V bus running in the floor cassettes to JO-PORT DC islands; point-of-load converters replace inverter stages; heavy loads stay within the house DC budget or move to 380 V DC or AC.","STORE ELECTRICITY: LFP inside the heated envelope for daily cycling; a 2-5 kWh sodium-ion bank in the unheated vestibule carries keep-alive loads (comms, sensors) down to its rated discharge floor so a heat-loss event never bricks the system.","STORE HEAT (default): surplus PV runs a CO2 heat pump into a 300-500 L insulated water tank, about 23 kWh thermal from about 8 kWh of PV at COP about 3.","STORE HEAT (optional hearth): a 0.4-0.6 t sand or soapstone radiant hearth, core at or below 250 C, with 150 mm microporous insulation and a rockwool jacket, about 25 kWh thermal, a 12-24 h buffer. It stands on a dedicated pier or slab pad rated at least 10 kPa, off the floor cassettes; touchable faces stay at or below 45 C (ISO 13732-1); a summer vent or bypass dumps heat outside; fire separation as for a stove.","HEAT AND COOL: CO2 heat pump makes 70 C water; HRV with frost pre-heat; radiative-cooled roofs, windcatcher and night-sky radiator cool hot sites.","PRIORITISE: firmware ladder - life safety (CO/CO2, smoke, comms) > water treatment > food (cold store, farm) > heat to people > comfort > guest extras - with forecast-driven load shifting.","OPERATE: Venus OS + Home Assistant run locally; MQTT telemetry over Starlink feeds the fleet dashboard; the site runs without the cloud."],"components":[{"name":"DENCHI cabinet","material":"LFP 20-40 kWh + Na-ion 2-5 kWh","spec":"1/2 jo, Victron-class inverter/charger; installed cost about USD 4-16k at 200-400/kWh"},{"name":"Heat-pump tank","material":"CO2 heat pump + 300-500 L insulated tank","spec":"about 23 kWh thermal at 40 K swing"},{"name":"IRORI hearth (optional)","material":"Steel plinth, 150 mm microporous + rockwool jacket, 0.4-0.6 t sand or soapstone","spec":"core <= 250 C; on pier >= 10 kPa; touch faces <= 45 C"},{"name":"MIURA-W wing","material":"Rigid PV facets","spec":"26.5 m2, about 4.5 kWp"},{"name":"Controller","material":"Cerbo GX or Raspberry Pi + Home Assistant","spec":"local-first, MQTT"}],"key_numbers":[{"label":"Stationary storage pack price (BNEF 2025)","value":"70","unit":"USD/kWh","basis":"measured","source":"https://about.bnef.com/insights/clean-transport/lithium-ion-battery-pack-prices-fall-to-108-per-kilowatt-hour-despite-rising-metal-prices-bloombergnef/"},{"label":"Installed 48 V LFP system with charger and BMS (used for budgets)","value":"about 200-400","unit":"USD/kWh","basis":"reported","source":"market range; replaces the pack price in all budgets"},{"label":"Bluetti Pioneer Na (900 Wh portable): charges at / discharges at / capacity at -20 C","value":">= -15 C / >= -25 C / about 80%","unit":"C / %","basis":"claimed","source":"https://www.ess-news.com/2025/09/08/bluetti-debuts-worlds-first-sodium-ion-portable-power-station/ (manufacturer); a 48 V stationary Na-ion datasheet is still needed"},{"label":"Sand specific capacity (dry quartz sand, cp about 0.80 kJ/kgK; soapstone about 0.27)","value":"0.22","unit":"kWh/K per tonne","basis":"calculated","source":"0.80 kJ/kgK x 1,000 kg / 3,600"},{"label":"Optional IRORI hearth thermal capacity (0.5 t, 230 K swing)","value":"about 25","unit":"kWh thermal","basis":"calculated","source":"0.5 x 0.222 x 230"},{"label":"Hearth standby loss at full charge","value":"about 145 W (about 14%/day)","unit":"W","basis":"calculated","source":"Q = U x A x dT, U = 1/(0.15/0.025 + 0.05/0.04) = 0.14 W/m2K, A about 4.5 m2 mean insulation area, dT 230 K"},{"label":"Rejected 1.5 t core at 400 K: capacity / loss with 200 mm rockwool","value":"about 133 / about 29 kWh/day (about 20%/day)","unit":"kWh","basis":"calculated","source":"1.5 x 0.222 x 400; U about 0.4 W/m2K x 8 m2 x 380 K"},{"label":"Heat-pump water tank store","value":"about 23 kWh thermal from about 8 kWh PV","unit":"kWh","basis":"calculated","source":"0.5 m3 x 1.16 kWh/m3K x 40 K; COP about 3"},{"label":"Heat delivered per PV kWh: resistive vs CO2 heat pump","value":"1.0 vs 2.5-3","unit":"kWh_th/kWh_e","basis":"calculated","source":"COP of the heat pump already in the BOM, lower at -25 C"},{"label":"Pornainen sand battery round-trip (heat-to-heat, 100 MWh, about 2,300 m3; does not scale down)","value":"90","unit":"%","basis":"measured","source":"https://newatlas.com/energy/largest-sand-battery-finland-pornainen/"},{"label":"Footwarmers in offices: setpoint 21.1 to 18.9 C at equal comfort (simulated savings)","value":"38-75","unit":"% heating energy saved","basis":"modelled","source":"https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2015.06.086"},{"label":"Residential heating saving from a 2-3 K setpoint drop","value":"10-30","unit":"%","basis":"calculated","source":"about 5-10% per K"},{"label":"ERV heating saving in Arctic locations","value":"about 27","unit":"%","basis":"measured","source":"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328679582_Performance_of_a_heat_recovery_ventilator_coupled_with_an_air-to-air_heat_pump_for_residential_suites_in_Canadian_cities"},{"label":"Basic off-grid household load vs with air conditioning","value":"2,116 vs 11,822","unit":"kWh/yr","basis":"measured","source":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EESAT65054.2026.11404109"},{"label":"Starlink Mini continuous","value":"400-450","unit":"Wh/day","basis":"measured","source":"https://www.escapeforum.org/threads/starlink-mini-measured-power-consumption.655585/"},{"label":"MIURA-W peak power","value":"about 4.5","unit":"kWp","basis":"calculated","source":"26.5 m2 x 0.85 active area x 0.20 x 1 kW/m2 (STC assumption)"},{"label":"Winter PV yield at about 60 N in December","value":"about 0.2-0.6","unit":"kWh/kWp/day","basis":"reported","source":"PVGIS order of magnitude; winter plan assumes a deficit"},{"label":"72 h keep-alive energy (Starlink about 0.45 + sensors about 0.3 kWh/day)","value":"about 2.3","unit":"kWh","basis":"calculated","source":"0.75 kWh/day x 3"}],"maturity":"COMMERCIAL components (LFP, Victron, CO2 heat pumps, tanks); EXPERIMENTAL Na-ion stationary integration and the small radiant hearth","prototype_12mo":{"build":"Test hut in a cold climate with DC spine, LFP + Na-ion zoning, kotatsu table and heated platform, and an A/B of a 0.5 t radiant hearth against a heat-pump water tank.","bom_cost_usd_range":"20,000-45,000","test":"One winter: hearth uncontrolled release vs prediction at 20 C ambient; useful heat per PV kWh for hearth vs tank; A/B nights at conventional vs lowered setpoint with comfort votes; 72 h keep-alive drill at -20 C with heating off.","pass_criterion":"Hearth uncontrolled release within 20% of the calculated value (about 14%/day) and touch faces <= 45 C; >= 15% heating energy reduction at equal comfort votes; comms and sensors alive 72 h at -20 C on a 2-5 kWh Na-ion bank alone, and the bank reaches >= 80% charge after warming to -15 C.","kill_criterion":"Hearth loss > 20%/day or useful heat per PV kWh below the tank's: drop the hearth as an energy store and sell it only as a comfort option; the heat-pump tank stays the default."},"risks":["Surface temperature and fire safety of a hot hearth indoors","Floor loading of any thermal mass","Na-ion stationary ecosystem maturity and supply concentration","Winter PV deficit at high latitude"],"sources":["https://about.bnef.com/insights/clean-transport/lithium-ion-battery-pack-prices-fall-to-108-per-kilowatt-hour-despite-rising-metal-prices-bloombergnef/","https://www.ess-news.com/2025/09/08/bluetti-debuts-worlds-first-sodium-ion-portable-power-station/","https://newatlas.com/energy/largest-sand-battery-finland-pornainen/","https://www.ess-news.com/2025/11/25/finlands-polar-night-to-build-250-mwh-sand-battery-for-district-heating-provider/","https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENBUILD.2015.06.086","https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/352/1/012051","https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328679582_Performance_of_a_heat_recovery_ventilator_coupled_with_an_air-to-air_heat_pump_for_residential_suites_in_Canadian_cities","https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RENENE.2018.11.035","https://electrifylogic.com/cold-climate-heat-pump-cop-minus-30c-r454b-r32-test-2026/","https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3407","https://doi.org/10.11591/ijape.v15.i3.pp1458-1474","https://www.energy2mqtt.org/protocols/victron/index.html","https://www.escapeforum.org/threads/starlink-mini-measured-power-consumption.655585/","https://doi.org/10.1109/EESAT65054.2026.11404109","https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8980964/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess_Elisabeth_Base","https://energi.media/news/drake-landing-pilot-solar-community-fears-potential-shift-to-gas-heating/"]},{"id":"M09","title":"TSURU: the service robot that walks on the creases","ingredients":["NASA ARMADAS lattice-relative inchworm robots (SOLL-E architecture, not scale)","Ridge-beam datum sockets at 910 mm pitch with petal or cone locks","Continuous fall-arrest trolley","v2 versioned task contracts and module passports","Rented legged inspectors for clusters","Heavy-lift drone resupply (DJI official figures)","Henn-na lesson: back-of-house only"],"one_liner":"A 25-35 kg inchworm robot navigates by the building itself - it locks its feet into datum sockets bolted to the ridge beams every 910 mm - so the structure is its map and its fixture for ridge-adjacent tasks such as closing and verifying latches and swapping cartridges.","how_it_works_steps":["Every YOSHI ridge, the KURA spine and each farm bay carry a segmented T-slot rail. The rail sits on one panel and is broken at every transverse crease; datum sockets at 910 mm pitch are bolted through to the ridge beam, not to the skin, and have drained, self-cleaning cups.","TSURU is a 5-DoF bipedal inchworm: it locks one foot, swings the other to the next socket and locks again. Each foot is a 2-3 point tapered cone or petal lock with 20-30 mm passive lead-in (after the ARMADAS 3.0 cm petal capture), rated for at least 0.6 kN.m moment and 3 kN fall-arrest load, with lock-confirmation sensing.","Accuracy is local: socket-to-socket error is set by the socket and its lead-in, while hinge play and erection tolerance (several mm per joint) mean building coordinates come from a post-erection survey, not from the robot.","Load case: at full 910 mm swing the robot carries 5-8 kg; the 15 kg payload is handled only in double-stance mode with both feet locked. Joint actuators are sized for at least 400 N.m peak at ankle and hip (M = g x (m_body x L/2 + m_payload x L) x 1.7). Step time is 15-30 s, about 0.03-0.06 m/s.","A continuous fall-arrest trolley runs along every rail TSURU uses outdoors.","Tasks arrive as versioned contracts and are limited to ridge-adjacent work: latch close and verify, hinge thermal scan, filter/UV/sorbent swaps at JO-PORTs, seed-cartridge reload. PV and slope washing go to a separate brush crawler or to people.","TSURU is ferried by a person between modules; one robot serves one contiguous rail network.","Ground and cluster tasks use a rented legged inspector or a farm utility rover on scheduled service visits; cartridges of up to 65 kg can arrive routinely by drone at roadless sites.","Exceptions escalate to a remote operator over Starlink; anything outside the contract goes to a local human runner.","Renewal: sensor triggers or the shikinen schedule create a swap job; the new organ installs on the twin pad, commissions, and the old one leaves for the micro-factory."],"components":[{"name":"TSURU body","material":"Carbon/aluminium links, BLDC joints","spec":"25-35 kg; 5-8 kg payload at full swing, 15 kg in double stance; 5 DoF; >= 400 N.m peak joints (target)"},{"name":"Foot lock","material":"2-3 point tapered cone or petal lock","spec":">= 0.6 kN.m moment, >= 3 kN fall-arrest, 20-30 mm lead-in, lock-confirm sensor"},{"name":"Socket","material":"Stainless cup bolted through to ridge beam","spec":"drained, self-cleaning; 910 mm pitch"},{"name":"Tool heads","material":"Latch driver, thermal camera, cartridge gripper","spec":"tool changer on foot"},{"name":"Fall-arrest trolley","material":"Stainless trolley on rail","spec":"continuous along exterior rails"},{"name":"Cable kit (month 12-24)","material":"4 winches, Dyneema","spec":"indoor bays only; anchors on fixed frames, not folding panels"}],"key_numbers":[{"label":"SOLL-E: 5-DoF inchworm, about 15,000 indoor actions on a 304.8 mm voxel lattice (architecture precedent, not scale)","value":"5","unit":"DoF","basis":"measured","source":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230005194"},{"label":"ARMADAS foot petal capture of in-plane misalignment","value":"3.0","unit":"cm","basis":"measured","source":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230005194"},{"label":"SOLL-E successor robot mass","value":"about 5.6","unit":"kg","basis":"reported","source":"IEEE 11068540"},{"label":"Lattice RMS error collapses toward part error as plate thickness grows (simulation)","value":"qualitative","unit":"qualitative","basis":"modelled","source":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240000666"},{"label":"Foot moment at the locked foot, 25 kg body + 15 kg at 0.91 m (rejected spec)","value":"about 244 static, 370-490 with 1.5-2x factors","unit":"N.m","basis":"calculated","source":"9.81 x (25 x 0.45 + 15 x 0.91)"},{"label":"Peak joint torque, 30-35 kg body + 8 kg at full swing","value":"about 350-390","unit":"N.m","basis":"calculated","source":"9.81 x (m_body x 0.455 + 8 x 0.91) x 1.7"},{"label":"Travel speed","value":"about 0.03-0.06","unit":"m/s","basis":"calculated","source":"0.91 m per 15-30 s step"},{"label":"Industrial cable robot payload (rigid industrial frames)","value":"up to 130","unit":"kg","basis":"measured","source":"https://cms.tecnalia.com/uploads/2020/01/Catalogue_CableRobotics.pdf"},{"label":"DJI FlyCart 100: dual battery / dual battery max / single battery max","value":"65 kg for 12 km / 85 kg / 100 kg (short range)","unit":"kg / km","basis":"claimed","source":"DJI FlyCart 100 announcement and specifications (manufacturer)"},{"label":"Henn-na Hotel robots retired","value":"> 50% of 243","unit":"robots","basis":"measured","source":"https://www.engadget.com/2019-01-16-japan-robot-hotel-fires-over-half-its-robots.html"},{"label":"Autonomous completion rate of contracted tasks","value":">= 95","unit":"%","basis":"target","source":"Anyground gate"},{"label":"Robots per site","value":"1 per contiguous rail network, human-ferried between modules","unit":"robots","basis":"target","source":"Anyground"}],"maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL (TRL 3: lattice-walking robots are indoor prototypes; crease-rail service robot unbuilt)","prototype_12mo":{"build":"TSURU v0 on a 7.28 m bench rail and the 3.64 m rail of the M02 half-length test shell, with petal-lock feet, bolted sockets and a continuous fall-arrest trolley. Cable kit moves to month 12-24.","bom_cost_usd_range":"40,000-80,000 BOM plus about 300,000-500,000 labour (2-3 FTE)","test":"Human baseline times measured first; then 200 trials each of latch verify and filter-cartridge swap; wind, rain, grit and ice in sockets; fall-arrest drop tests.","pass_criterion":">= 95% autonomous completion; zero dropped payloads; zero failed locks under load; mean task time within 2x the measured human baseline.","kill_criterion":"< 80% completion after redesign: TSURU becomes a human-carried tool and rails stay as datums; service by local runners."},"risks":["Ice, grit and water in sockets preventing lock","Liability for falls and for people below","Rail continuity across transverse creases","Scope creep toward general-purpose robots"],"sources":["https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230005194","https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240000666","https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS55552.2023.10341479","https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRA57147.2024.10609866","https://cms.tecnalia.com/uploads/2020/01/Catalogue_CableRobotics.pdf","https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.21839","https://www.engadget.com/2019-01-16-japan-robot-hotel-fires-over-half-its-robots.html","https://www.wikihouse.cc/product"]},{"id":"M10","title":"FLIP-FOLD skin: a louvre facet that switches solar gain by season","ingredients":["Janus BaSO4/carbon facet faces (lab optics)","Central-axis louvre pivot with over-centre toggle spring and wind lock","Wax-motor or NiTi actuator sensing interior or gap air through a shaded bulb","Thin EPS/XPS core on heating facets; winter dampers turn the gap into a solar air collector","Wax-motor ridge vent with cold lockout (primary farm-vault ventilation)","Hygromorph flaps as secondary trickle vents","Chalk wash on farm-vault glazing only"],"one_liner":"A secondary louvre facet that turns white side out in hot weather and black side out in cold, tripped by a wax piston that senses interior air with a wide hysteresis band; a seasonal manual flip is the baseline product and the self-flip is an option.","how_it_works_steps":["Each facet is a louvre on a central-axis pivot, with parallel pivot axes in each row so neighbours do not collide, mounted over the KASANE membrane with a ventilated gap. One face is BaSO4 white (solar absorptance about 0.03), the other carbon black (about 0.94); both faces are high-emissivity in the infrared, so the flip changes only daytime solar gain.","Heating facets have a thin 3-5 mm EPS/XPS stiffening core instead of aerogel, and winter dampers close the gap so it works as a solar air collector feeding the interior. Aerogel is used only on white-only cooling facets.","A commodity wax-cylinder opener or NiTi spring senses interior or gap air through a shaded sensing bulb, never the facet itself. A hysteresis band of at least 8 C (white above 26 C interior, black below 18 C) stops the facet's own state from driving it into a limit cycle.","The actuator does not lift the facet: about 70 N of wax force trips a pre-tensioned over-centre cam and toggle spring that rotate it 180 degrees. A detent or latch rated at least 500 N at the facet edge holds it against wind.","Baseline SKU: a seasonal manual flip twice a year (by hand, or by TSURU where a facet is ridge-adjacent). The self-flipping version is an option.","Farm vaults are ventilated by a wax-motor ridge vent sized at about 15-20% of floor area, with a cold lockout that keeps it shut below 5 C outside. Hygromorph flaps are only a secondary trickle vent.","In summer, the farm-vault glazing (not the opaque facets) gets a chalk-wash coat; at dry sites such as the Atacama a dry brush or minimal-water wash replaces rain washing."],"components":[{"name":"Janus louvre facet","material":"BaSO4 paint / 3-5 mm EPS-XPS core (heating) or aerogel (cooling-only) / carbon-black","spec":"0.91 x 0.91 m; central pivot"},{"name":"Toggle and wind lock","material":"Over-centre cam, toggle spring, detent","spec":">= 500 N at facet edge"},{"name":"Actuator","material":"Commodity wax-cylinder opener or NiTi spring with shaded remote bulb","spec":"about 70 N; trips cam; >= 8 C hysteresis"},{"name":"Ridge vent","material":"Wax-motor vent with cold lockout","spec":"about 15-20% of floor area"},{"name":"Hygromorph flap (secondary)","material":"Wood-PLA + TPU print, or ASA-based / wood-veneer bilayer","spec":"10 x 15 cm trickle vent"}],"key_numbers":[{"label":"Janus membrane optics (cm-scale cellulose-acetate membrane, hand-flipped): BaSO4 side reflectance / emissivity; carbon side absorptance","value":"97.1 / 96.5; 94.0","unit":"%","basis":"measured","source":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c03288 (abstract values)"},{"label":"Janus membrane same-roof temperature differential","value":"12 (unverified, full text needed)","unit":"C","basis":"reported","source":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c03288"},{"label":"Janus optics retained after 1,000 abrasion cycles","value":"> 95 (unverified, full text needed)","unit":"%","basis":"reported","source":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c03288"},{"label":"BaSO4 paint solar reflectance / net cooling (lab nanoparticle paint, about 60 vol%, initial unsoiled)","value":"98.1 / > 100","unit":"% / W/m2","basis":"measured","source":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c02368"},{"label":"Design wind load on a facet","value":"about 420 (detent rated >= 500)","unit":"N","basis":"calculated","source":"q = 0.5 x 1.25 x 25^2 = 390 Pa; Cp 1.3; A 0.83 m2"},{"label":"Dew on a porous-polymer radiative paint, humid coastal Sydney, about one third of days (peak, not average)","value":"up to 0.39","unit":"L/m2/day","basis":"reported","source":"Neto group, The Guardian 2025-10-31: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/oct/31/scientists-invent-roof-coating-reduce-indoor-temperatures-hot-days"},{"label":"Dew at inland Atacama and in Lapland winter","value":"about 0","unit":"L/m2/day","basis":"calculated","source":"night RH too low (Atacama); frost below 0 C (Lapland); coastal Atacama fog needs fog nets"},{"label":"Physical ceiling of radiative dew","value":"about 0.9-1.5 (real condensers 0.1-0.3)","unit":"L/m2/night","basis":"calculated","source":"60-100 W/m2 x 10 h / 2.45 MJ/kg"},{"label":"Natural flips per year in the field","value":"about 300-700","unit":"flips","basis":"calculated","source":"1-2 thermal cycles per day at most"},{"label":"Flip cycles before maintenance (bench rig)","value":">= 5,000","unit":"cycles","basis":"target","source":"Anyground gate; heat-lamp cycling every 20 min, about 70 days"}],"maturity":"TRL 2-3 integrated (lab cm-scale Janus membrane, hand-flipped; wax actuators TRL 9; self-flipping 1 m facet unbuilt)","prototype_12mo":{"build":"Twenty 0.83 m2 louvre facets with pivots, toggles and wind locks on two instrumented rooftop rigs (hot-dry and cold sites), plus a bench cycler in a climate chamber.","bom_cost_usd_range":"15,000-35,000 (facets about USD 150-400 each, 2 rigs about USD 3-6k each with pyranometer and loggers, bench cycler, site logistics)","test":"Bench: heat-lamp cycling every 20 min at -30 C and +60 C for 5,000 cycles. Field: 12 months of state, delta-T, interior heat gain, soiling and reflectance logging.","pass_criterion":">= 5,000 bench flips without failure; no wind-driven flips in field; solar reflectance >= 0.90 after 12 months with a monthly dry brush; no limit cycling in field logs.","kill_criterion":"Mechanism fails < 1,000 bench cycles: ship the seasonal manual-flip SKU only."},"risks":["Soiling and reflectance loss in desert dust","Pivot and toggle fatigue","Wind flutter and back-driving","UV and creep of hygromorph flaps"],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.6c03288","https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c02368","https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-32409-7","https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2025/oct/31/scientists-invent-roof-coating-reduce-indoor-temperatures-hot-days","https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/ac0c8e","https://doi.org/10.1002/AD.1956","https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20260625-why-the-french-are-painting-chalk-on-their-windows","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109714","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112365","https://www.munichre-foundation.org/en/climate-adaptation/archive/fognets/fognet_technology.html"]},{"id":"M11","title":"FOLD-TO-ORDER: configurator to micro-factory in 15 working days","ingredients":["Sekisui Heim HAPPS mass-customisation kitting","IRC Appendix BB 400 sq ft (37.2 m2) relaxation threshold (optional, locally adopted) as a product choice","State modular / factory-built housing certification per plant","Physics coefficients from the sweeps (water, energy, food, nights)","Parametric origami shelter to CNC drawings research","WikiHouse open CNC file library","AUAR-style containerised micro-factory kits deployed into a leased shed","Dvele anti-pattern (opaque price)","Glamping ADR benchmarks","Japanese catalogue + IKEA flat-pack"],"one_liner":"Drop a pin and pick farm, hotel or home: the configurator returns a binding kit-and-shipping price plus a capped site-works estimate, a physics-checked litre/kWh/kg balance, a revenue or savings forecast and the cut files that the nearest licensed micro-factory starts after the site survey is approved.","how_it_works_steps":["Site pin: climate record, solar resource, humidity, snow and wind classes, and the local regulatory path (state modular or factory-built program, local appendices, RV/ANSI A119.5 for units on wheels) are looked up.","Typology and size: the customer chooses farm, hotel, home, research station or (for partners) lunar analog. US home SKUs are kept at or below 37.2 m2 by choice, to use the Appendix BB relaxations where a jurisdiction has adopted them; larger homes go through the standard IRC.","A rules engine resolves the order into jo tiles and organs from the fixed catalogue, as HAPPS does for Sekisui Heim.","Balance sheet: water (recycle first), energy (envelope first), food (DLI and m2), nights (ADR and occupancy) shown live.","Structural check: pre-validated FE templates per fold family and load class; occupied units are signed off by a partner engineering firm under an SLA (target 48 h), not a promise to the customer.","A binding kit and shipping price is issued with a capped site-works estimate (+/-15%) for foundation, utilities, access and permit fees; the customer pays a deposit, and the site price is finalised after a site survey.","The 15-working-day clock runs from deposit plus approved site survey to shipped kit; permit approval time is shown separately per jurisdiction.","Cut files, BOM and robot task contracts go to the nearest licensed micro-factory: a containerised kit (1-2 x 40 ft) deployed into a leased shed or tent of about 300-500 m2, certified under the state modular or factory-built program with third-party in-plant inspection; module passports are created.","At commissioning the site twin goes live on the fleet dashboard."],"components":[{"name":"Configurator","material":"Web app + parametric CAD + rules engine","spec":"binding kit price, capped site estimate, forecast"},{"name":"Micro-factory","material":"1-2 x 40 ft containerised kit (CNC router, vacuum laminator, cobot) in a leased 300-500 m2 shed","spec":"licensed, regional, state-certified"},{"name":"Catalogue","material":"21 SKUs","spec":"one grid, one port"}],"key_numbers":[{"label":"Sekisui House detached houses built to order (Sekisui House, not Sekisui Heim/HAPPS)","value":"98","unit":"%","basis":"measured","source":"https://www.sekisuihouse.co.jp/company/financial/library/ir_document/2023/2023_kessan/businessreport_73e.pdf (p.3)"},{"label":"Sekisui Heim HAPPS parts picked per house from catalogue (2006)","value":"about 30,000 of about 300,000","unit":"parts","basis":"reported","source":"ISARC 2006, https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2006/0068"},{"label":"Japanese prefabricated units per year (Bock & Linner about 2015, includes panelized prefab; dated)","value":"about 150,000","unit":"units/yr","basis":"reported","source":"https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139924153.006"},{"label":"Boxabl Casita unit-only to turnkey multiplier ($60k unit vs $140k turnkey)","value":"2.33","unit":"x","basis":"claimed","source":"retailer estimate, https://ecoprefabs.com/accessory-dwelling-units/boxabl-casita-house-in-a-box/"},{"label":"Boxabl built-to-delivered ratio (285 shipped of 744 built, Jul 2026)","value":"38","unit":"%","basis":"measured","source":"https://startupfortune.com/boxabl-shares-jump-20-percent-as-tiny-home-startup-debuts-on-nasdaq/"},{"label":"AUAR micro-factory throughput (company claim, GCR 2024); demonstrated: panel set for one Rival project (2026)","value":"up to 180","unit":"homes/yr","basis":"claimed","source":"https://www.globalconstructionreview.com/uk-start-up-ships-two-robotic-housebuilding-micro-factories-to-the-us/"},{"label":"Katerra capital lost (Chapter 11 in June 2021 after about $2bn from SoftBank)","value":"about 2","unit":"USD bn","basis":"reported","source":"WSJ / Bloomberg, June 2021 (primary source to be attached; previously a LinkedIn post)"},{"label":"IRC Appendix BB (formerly Q/AQ) relaxation threshold, excluding lofts; optional, locally adopted; not a size limit","value":"37.2 (400 sq ft)","unit":"m2","basis":"measured","source":"https://www.tinyhouseallianceusa.org/appendix-bb-tiny-houses-inclusive-in-2024-irc/"},{"label":"State modular / factory-built certification per state and plant (third-party inspection agency)","value":"about 20,000-60,000","unit":"USD","basis":"reported","source":"order-of-magnitude estimate; to be quoted per state"},{"label":"Site-works estimate cap before survey","value":"+/-15","unit":"%","basis":"target","source":"Anyground"},{"label":"Deposit plus approved site survey to shipped kit","value":"<= 15","unit":"working days","basis":"target","source":"Anyground"},{"label":"Engineering hours per order","value":"<= 20","unit":"h","basis":"target","source":"Anyground kill line"}],"maturity":"COMMERCIAL: kitting (HAPPS) and CNC kit libraries (WikiHouse); PILOT: licensed robotic micro-factories (AUAR); SPECULATIVE: origami SKUs and the physics-checked configurator","prototype_12mo":{"build":"Configurator v0 for three SKUs plus one containerised micro-factory (CNC router, vacuum laminator, one cobot) in a leased shed; pilot on non-occupied SKUs (farm or greenhouse, often exempt as agricultural buildings) or in one pre-approved state.","bom_cost_usd_range":"Hardware 150,000-350,000; software and engineering staff about 600,000-1,200,000 (3-5 FTE for 12 months); certification and permits 50,000-150,000","test":"Three paying pilot orders end-to-end; BOM error, lead time, engineering hours per order, site-estimate error after survey; one state modular plan review of a catalogue SKU.","pass_criterion":"Each order shipped in <= 15 working days from deposit plus approved survey, BOM error <= 5%, engineering <= 20 h per order, final site works within the +/-15% cap.","kill_criterion":"> 20 engineering hours per order after the third order, or catalogue SKUs fail a state modular plan review: narrow the catalogue to fixed configurations sold like MUJI Hut."},"risks":["Permit variance across jurisdictions","State modular certification per plant delaying occupied units","Partner micro-factory quality","Configurator promises exceeding physics or site reality"],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2006/0068","https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139924153.006","https://www.sekisuihouse.co.jp/company/financial/library/ir_document/2023/2023_kessan/businessreport_73e.pdf","https://www.tinyhouseallianceusa.org/appendix-bb-tiny-houses-inclusive-in-2024-irc/","https://doi.org/10.5151/PROCEEDINGS-ECAADESIGRADI2019_118","https://www.wikihouse.cc/product","https://www.globalconstructionreview.com/uk-start-up-ships-two-robotic-housebuilding-micro-factories-to-the-us/","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7a1Wsg4fHE","https://www.housingwire.com/articles/reframing-whats-possible-a-housing-factory-on-the-move/","https://www.linkedin.com/posts/therealdeal_modular-building-startup-veev-is-shutting-activity-7135013846447972352-48ih","https://www.dvele.com/catalog/baffin-one","https://startupfortune.com/boxabl-shares-jump-20-percent-as-tiny-home-startup-debuts-on-nasdaq/","https://ecoprefabs.com/accessory-dwelling-units/boxabl-casita-house-in-a-box/","https://mobilehomebuild.com/revenue-performance-nightly-rates-occupancy/","https://ateliercabin.com/cases/muji-hut"]},{"id":"M12","title":"SHIKINEN twin-pad lease: renewal as recurring revenue","ingredients":["Ise Jingu 20-year rebuild on an adjacent plot (shikinen sengu)","Nakagin Capsule Tower (designed for replacement, never financed)","Drake Landing (C$1-2M repair, no renewal financing, original collector maker no longer making the panels)","Freight Farms (vendor-cloud failure)","WOTA disaster deployments from a dedicated fleet","Twin-pad water manifold and battery automatic transfer switch","AutoCamp OpCo/PropCo"],"one_liner":"Anyground keeps owning the organs and finances their renewal inside a lease priced by a published capital-recovery formula: a new module is commissioned on the twin pad and cut over in minutes, and every returned part has a measured refurbishment value.","how_it_works_steps":["Each SKU has a published swap cycle (example targets: UV and filters 1 yr, sorbent cassettes 2-3 yr, farm cassettes 5 yr, membranes 10 yr, shell 20 yr).","Telemetry (water quality, energy, strain, latch state, crop health) feeds condition-based triggers.","Water organ swap: the new module is placed on the twin pad, connected to a twin-pad manifold with isolation and bypass valves and dry-break quick connects, flushed and disinfected through a dedicated port, and cut over only when an inline turbidity and chlorine sensor passes.","Battery organ swap: break-before-make through an automatic transfer switch; aged and new packs are never paralleled.","Returned modules go back by reverse logistics, are refurbished at the micro-factory, and are re-leased or resold; refurbishment yield is measured against the residual value assumed in the lease.","Lease price L = C x CRF(r,n) - R x SFF(r,n) + M + Lg, with CRF = r/(1-(1+r)^-n) and SFF = r/((1+r)^n - 1); C is module capex, R residual value, M maintenance, Lg logistics.","In emergencies, modules come from a dedicated surge pool, not from active leases unless the lessee opts in, under agreements set up with the municipality in advance.","Lease contracts include an open-firmware escrow so customer sites run if Anyground fails."],"components":[{"name":"Twin pad","material":"Spare JO-PORT tile","spec":"per critical organ"},{"name":"Twin-pad water manifold","material":"Isolation and bypass valves, dry-break quick connects, flush/disinfect port, inline turbidity/chlorine sensor","spec":"about USD 1-3k per pad (estimate)"},{"name":"Battery transfer switch","material":"Automatic transfer switch, break-before-make","spec":"no paralleling of aged and new packs"},{"name":"Spare-module pool","material":"2 water + 2 battery modules for a 10-unit pilot","spec":"costed from M04, M06 and M08"},{"name":"Fleet dashboard","material":"Home Assistant/MQTT aggregation","spec":"condition-based maintenance"},{"name":"Firmware escrow","material":"Open-source release trigger","spec":"contractual"}],"key_numbers":[{"label":"Ise renewal cycle","value":"20","unit":"years","basis":"reported","source":"Jingu Shikinen Sengu, official Ise Jingu site https://www.isejingu.or.jp/en/ (primary source to replace the secondary doi:10.3130/aija.88.707)"},{"label":"Nakagin capsules replaced in 50 years","value":"0 of 140","unit":"capsules","basis":"measured","source":"https://www.spacegroup.no/in-tokyo-a-1972-tower-was-supposed-to-replace-its-140-living-capsules-every-25-years-none-have-ever-been-replaced-and-moma-bought-one/"},{"label":"Drake Landing repair need with no renewal financing (operator existed; original maker no longer makes the panels)","value":"C$1-2M","unit":"CAD","basis":"measured","source":"https://energi.media/news/drake-landing-pilot-solar-community-fears-potential-shift-to-gas-heating/"},{"label":"WOTA BOX showers per 100 L","value":"about 100","unit":"showers","basis":"claimed","source":"vendor claim, https://wota.co.jp/en/wota-box/"},{"label":"Example lease before maintenance and logistics","value":"about 2,310","unit":"USD/yr","basis":"calculated","source":"C = 10,000, r = 10%, n = 5, R = 2,000: 10,000 x 0.2638 - 2,000 x 0.1638"},{"label":"Water organ availability (unplanned outage <= 8.8 h/yr)","value":">= 99.9","unit":"%","basis":"target","source":"Anyground"},{"label":"Water organ mean time to restore","value":"<= 24","unit":"h","basis":"target","source":"Anyground"},{"label":"Battery/power organ availability","value":">= 99.5","unit":"%","basis":"target","source":"Anyground"},{"label":"Interruption per planned twin-pad swap","value":"<= 15 min (zero for water with manifold bypass)","unit":"min","basis":"target","source":"Anyground"},{"label":"Maintenance plus logistics share of lease price","value":"<= 15","unit":"% of L","basis":"target","source":"Anyground"}],"maturity":"COMMERCIAL model elements (product-as-a-service, maintenance-inclusive leasing, OpCo/PropCo); EXPERIMENTAL as a lease for small distributed habitat organs","prototype_12mo":{"build":"Lease about 10 pilot units with telemetry and twin pads for water and battery organs, plus a spare pool of 2 water and 2 battery modules; run at least 2 deliberate full-organ swaps per unit (one water, one battery), swapping early on purpose.","bom_cost_usd_range":"40,000-90,000 for telemetry, contracts and firmware escrow; spare-module pool and logistics listed separately and costed from M04, M06 and M08","test":"12 months of scheduled, condition-based and deliberate swaps; measure cut-over time, crew-hours, truck-km and refurbishment cost per returned module.","pass_criterion":"(M + Lg) <= 15% of L; actual refurbishment yield >= the assumed residual R; water availability >= 99.9% and battery >= 99.5%; planned swaps within the interruption target.","kill_criterion":"(M + Lg) > 25% of L, or refurbishment yield < 50% of R: sell hardware outright with an optional service plan."},"risks":["Balance-sheet intensity of owning hardware (cost of capital dominates)","Reverse-logistics cost per swap at distributed sites","Too few failure events in a small pilot to estimate availability","Customer preference to own"],"sources":["https://www.isejingu.or.jp/en/","https://doi.org/10.3130/aija.88.707","https://doi.org/10.3130/AIJA.86.1167","https://www.spacegroup.no/in-tokyo-a-1972-tower-was-supposed-to-replace-its-140-living-capsules-every-25-years-none-have-ever-been-replaced-and-moma-bought-one/","https://energi.media/news/drake-landing-pilot-solar-community-fears-potential-shift-to-gas-heating/","https://www.verticalfarmdaily.com/article/9728357/freight-farms-files-for-chapter-7-bankruptcy-leaving-growers-disconnected/","https://wota.co.jp/en/news-240515/","https://wota.co.jp/en/wota-box/","https://moderncampground.com/usa/autocamp-launches-sec-registered-crowdfunding-campaign-to-support-expansion/"]},{"id":"M13","title":"TSUKI outpost: the same grammar with the pressure boundary moved inside","ingredients":["ILC Dover hybrid rigid end-cap + softgoods mid-section","Max Space / Sierra Space restraint-layer habitats","SAGA LUNARK origami habitat (unpressurised analog)","Inflatable bistable Kresling lunar towers","ICON Olympus LVMT laser regolith pads","Kilopower 1-10 kWe fission","Lunar Palace 1 bioregenerative loop","LUNARK circadian light + fractal interiors","Source-agnostic power brick (basalt thermal store on Earth)"],"one_liner":"On the Moon a new domed pressure head carries the KURA systems layout, a softgoods bladder with a woven restraint carries pressure, and a YOSHI rigid-panel shell outside carries regolith bags; Earth analogs de-risk layout, human factors, operations and power/water integration, not flight hardware.","how_it_works_steps":["A rigid domed (torispherical) pressure head with a hatch cut-out carries the KURA systems layout - ECLSS, water, power and the stowed softgoods bladder (X-Hab architecture). It is a new pressure vessel, not KURA box geometry.","The bladder is deployed and pressurised between two end-caps; a Vectran-class woven restraint layer carries hoop load, and longitudinal straps carry the axial end-cap load F = p x pi x r^2 into a ring frame at each head (about 714 kN at 101 kPa or 400-500 kN at 56-70 kPa for a 3 m diameter).","Softgoods are certified to NASA practice: burst at least 4x the maximum design pressure (e.g. 4 x 15.2 = 60.8 psi).","A YOSHI rigid-panel shell with lockable hinges deploys over it as a regolith-bag carrier and micrometeoroid/thermal layer, not as a pressure vessel; it is sized for about 3.9 kPa of lunar shielding load.","Robotic pads and berms are laser-sintered from regolith (ICON LVMT) before crew arrival.","A source-agnostic power brick (DC bus + hydronic loop) accepts a 10 kWe fission unit; on Earth the same brick is tested with PV and a basalt-gravel thermal store.","Sealed HATA cassettes and algae/duckweed shelves close part of the food and gas loop; ISS/Lunar Palace-class water closure needs urine processing (vapour-compression distillation plus brine processing).","Circadian lighting and fractal-patterned kumiko interiors address the 14-day night and isolation."],"components":[{"name":"Pressure head","material":"Aluminium-lithium or composite, domed","spec":"KURA systems layout, new pressure head; ring frame for axial straps"},{"name":"Bladder + restraint","material":"Vectran or UHMWPE webbing, multilayer softgoods","spec":"partner-supplied; burst >= 4x MDP"},{"name":"Outer shell","material":"YOSHI facets with lockable hinges, regolith bags","spec":"non-pressure; about 3.9 kPa lunar shielding load"},{"name":"Power brick","material":"DC bus + hydronic loop","spec":"1-10 kWe class"}],"key_numbers":[{"label":"Max Space first module (planned, unflown)","value":"2 m3 to 20 m3 (10x)","unit":"x","basis":"claimed","source":"design target, https://techcrunch.com/2024/07/27/max-space-reinvents-expandable-habitats-with-a-17th-century-twist-launching-in-2026/"},{"label":"Sierra LIFE full-scale ultimate burst (Jan 2024); NASA minimum 4 x 15.2 = 60.8 psi","value":"77","unit":"psi","basis":"measured","source":"https://spaceinsider.tech/2024/01/23/sierra-space-passes-nasas-ultimate-burst-pressure-test-for-inflatable-space-habitat/"},{"label":"Sierra LIFE one-third-scale burst vs 182.4 psi requirement (Sep 2022)","value":"192","unit":"psi","basis":"measured","source":"https://256today.com/marshall-managed-sierra-space-habitat-completes-pressure-test/"},{"label":"LUNARK stowed to deployed volume (unpressurised analog, about 1,700 kg)","value":"2.8 m3 to 17 m3 (about 6.1x)","unit":"m3","basis":"measured","source":"https://www.saga.dk/projects/lunark"},{"label":"Axial end-cap load, 3 m diameter","value":"about 714 at 101 kPa; 400-500 at 56-70 kPa","unit":"kN","basis":"calculated","source":"F = p x pi x r^2 = 101e3 x 7.07"},{"label":"Regolith-analog load on the shell, 1.5 m bags at 1,600 kg/m3","value":"about 23.5 on Earth vs about 3.9 on the Moon","unit":"kPa","basis":"calculated","source":"2.4e3 kg/m2 x 9.81 vs x 1.62"},{"label":"Analog sandbag depth for lunar-equivalent load","value":"about 0.25","unit":"m","basis":"calculated","source":"3.9 kPa / (1,600 x 9.81)"},{"label":"Kilopower KRUSTY test duration / design class","value":"28 h / 1-10","unit":"h / kWe","basis":"measured","source":"https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20180007748/downloads/20180007748.pdf"},{"label":"CELSS metabolic design load (incl. 2.6 h EVA per person per day)","value":"14","unit":"MJ/person/day","basis":"measured","source":"https://doi.org/10.4271/941292"},{"label":"Lunar Palace 365 closure","value":"98.2","unit":"%","basis":"reported","source":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.12.002"},{"label":"Earth analog crewed duration (precedent: LUNARK, 2 crew, Greenland 2020, unpressurised)","value":"30","unit":"days","basis":"target","source":"no source; Anyground target"}],"maturity":"SPECULATIVE","prototype_12mo":{"build":"Two separate partner-funded test articles. (A) Uncrewed pressure article: a sub-scale bladder with Vectran or UHMWPE webbing restraint (not drop-stitch) between two domed end-caps. (B) Crewed 30-day unpressurised analog: KURA core, YOSHI shell with lockable hinges and about 0.25 m of sandbags (lunar-equivalent load), testing water loop, power brick and wellbeing.","bom_cost_usd_range":"250,000-600,000 for (B) with COTS ECLSS; plus about 100,000-250,000 for (A) test-facility time and webbing fabrication (partner/grant funded)","test":"(A) hydrostatic or pneumatic burst targeting 4x MDP; 24-72 h leak-decay at MDP. (B) 30-day crewed stay with daily weighed water mass balance and crew wellbeing logs.","pass_criterion":"(A) leak rate <= 0.1-0.2% of volume per day and burst >= 4x MDP. (B) total water recovery = recovered potable mass / total wastewater mass incl. urine, greywater and condensate >= 85% without urine processing (>= 93% if a urine distiller is included); no crew-safety incidents.","kill_criterion":"Not a company-funded line: continues only with partner or grant funding."},"risks":["No flight heritage; Earth analogs reach TRL 3-4 for layout and operations only","Pressure-vessel redesign and softgoods certification","Regulatory and launch dependence","Distraction from Earth revenue"],"sources":["https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-2166","https://techcrunch.com/2024/07/27/max-space-reinvents-expandable-habitats-with-a-17th-century-twist-launching-in-2026/","https://spaceinsider.tech/2024/01/23/sierra-space-passes-nasas-ultimate-burst-pressure-test-for-inflatable-space-habitat/","https://256today.com/marshall-managed-sierra-space-habitat-completes-pressure-test/","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bigelow_Expandable_Activity_Module","https://www.saga.dk/projects/lunark","https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3054658","https://payloadspace.com/icon-wins-nasa-contract-for-lunar-3d-printing/","https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20230008927/downloads/NSMMS%20FINAL%206_26_23.pdf","https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20180007748/downloads/20180007748.pdf","https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.12.002","https://doi.org/10.4271/941292","https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916594266001","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crew_Health_and_Performance_Exploration_Analog","https://www.vastspace.com/updates/vast-establishes-lunar-programs-division-applying-haven-flight-heritage-to-power-communications-and-habitats-on-the-moon"]}],"modules":[{"id":"KURA-3","name":"Kura service core","family":"rigid core (v2 vertebra)","function":"Wet room (unit bath + WC), kitchenette, DC hub, battery bays, blower-door fan, HRV; the fixed gable every fold docks to","folded_dims_m":"5.46 x 1.82 x 2.60 (rigid; fits 20 ft container)","deployed_dims_m":"5.46 x 1.82 x 2.60 + RESCH roof cap","mass_kg":3200,"power_w_avg":150,"water_l_day":"0 (hosts MIZU)","food_kg_week":0,"sleeps":0,"crew_minutes_week":20,"price_band_usd":"45,000-75,000","deploy_hours":2,"maturity":"COMMERCIAL parts, EXPERIMENTAL integration","ports":["JO-PORT x6","DC 48-60 V","potable","grey","urine","air","data"],"basis_note":"mass, power, price = target"},{"id":"YOSHI-4","name":"Yoshi barrel vault room","family":"F1","function":"Living, sleeping or hotel suite shell; 26.5 m2 floor, about 48 m3, about 17-18 m2 at >= 2.1 m headroom","folded_dims_m":"2 x (3.70 x 2.30 x 1.10) half-shell packs","deployed_dims_m":"3.64 x 7.28 x 2.90","mass_kg":2200,"power_w_avg":30,"water_l_day":0,"food_kg_week":0,"sleeps":"2-4","crew_minutes_week":5,"price_band_usd":"38,000-65,000","deploy_hours":4,"maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL","ports":["gable dock to KURA","sill JO-PORT x8","ridge rail"],"basis_note":"area, volume and usable area calculated; pack envelope and mass (<= 2,200 kg) target"},{"id":"YOSHI-6G","name":"Yoshi glazed hall / greenhouse","family":"F1","function":"Farm vault or communal hall; twin-wall PC or ETFE facets; 39.7 m2","folded_dims_m":"3 x (3.70 x 2.30 x 1.10) shell packs (target)","deployed_dims_m":"3.64 x 10.92 x 2.90","mass_kg":3000,"power_w_avg":50,"water_l_day":0,"food_kg_week":"site/daylight dependent","sleeps":0,"crew_minutes_week":10,"price_band_usd":"30,000-55,000","deploy_hours":5,"maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL","ports":["gable dock","sill JO-PORT x12","ridge rail","lung port"],"basis_note":"target; mass scaled from YOSHI-4 (<= 2,200 kg for 7.28 m)"},{"id":"HOSHI-2","name":"Hoshi gravity pod","family":"F8","function":"2-guest sleeping pod deployed by gravity and wire","folded_dims_m":"2.00 x 2.00 x 0.60 (one pallet)","deployed_dims_m":"3.64 x 3.64 x 2.60","mass_kg":450,"power_w_avg":25,"water_l_day":0,"food_kg_week":0,"sleeps":2,"crew_minutes_week":5,"price_band_usd":"22,000-40,000","deploy_hours":2,"maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL","ports":["floor-ring JO-PORT x2","DC"],"basis_note":"target; benchmark pods USD 30k-85k all-in (mobilehomebuild)"},{"id":"MIURA-W","name":"Miura engawa wing","family":"F2","function":"PV + shade canopy over a deck; rain to gutter","folded_dims_m":"1.00 x 0.70 x 0.60","deployed_dims_m":"7.28 x 3.64 at 2.6 m eave","mass_kg":520,"power_w_avg":"+about 4.5 kWp (yield site-specific; winter 0.2-0.6 kWh/kWp/day at 60 N)","water_l_day":"+rain catch (site)","food_kg_week":0,"sleeps":0,"crew_minutes_week":5,"price_band_usd":"9,000-16,000","deploy_hours":1,"maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL (fold COMMERCIAL in space)","ports":["DC MPPT input","gutter outlet"],"basis_note":"kWp calculated (26.5 m2 x 0.85 active area x 0.20 x 1 kW/m2)"},{"id":"BYOBU-PV","name":"Byobu bifacial fence","family":"vertical zig-zag screen","function":"Vertical bifacial PV fence: windbreak, snow fence, privacy","folded_dims_m":"1.80 x 0.50 x 2.00","deployed_dims_m":"10.9 m run x 2.0 m high","mass_kg":600,"power_w_avg":"+about 4 kWp (yield site-specific)","water_l_day":0,"food_kg_week":0,"sleeps":0,"crew_minutes_week":2,"price_band_usd":"7,000-13,000","deploy_hours":2,"maturity":"COMMERCIAL modules, EXPERIMENTAL folding","ports":["DC MPPT input"],"basis_note":"kWp calculated (about 20 m2 x 0.20 x 1 kW/m2); bifacial +14% (Sandia, high-albedo)"},{"id":"KRES-7","name":"Kresling utility mast","family":"F3","function":"Gravity water tank (about 2,000 L), comms, light, optional HAWT","folded_dims_m":"diameter 1.20 x 0.90","deployed_dims_m":"diameter 1.20 x 6.30","mass_kg":220,"power_w_avg":15,"water_l_day":"stores about 2,000 L","food_kg_week":0,"sleeps":0,"crew_minutes_week":3,"price_band_usd":"9,000-18,000","deploy_hours":1,"maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL","ports":["potable in/out","DC","data"],"basis_note":"tank volume calculated (pi x 0.6^2 x 1.8 m); others target"},{"id":"MUTO-D","name":"Muto deck / bridge cassette","family":"F4","function":"Folded floor cassette, deck or 4 m footbridge","folded_dims_m":"1.82 x 0.91 x 0.25","deployed_dims_m":"0.91 x 3.64-4.0 span","mass_kg":80,"power_w_avg":0,"water_l_day":0,"food_kg_week":0,"sleeps":0,"crew_minutes_week":0,"price_band_usd":"1,800-3,500","deploy_hours":0.5,"maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL","ports":["JO-PORT (floor version)"],"basis_note":"target; 2.5 kPa live load target; MUTOIS 4 m bridge 2.5 kN at 18 kg measured"},{"id":"KUMO-12","name":"Kumo water harvester rack","family":"water","function":"Atmospheric water from night air, one cycle per day, morning desorption by glazed solar-thermal heat (PV-T preheat)","folded_dims_m":"0.91 x 1.82 x 2.00 (1 jo)","deployed_dims_m":"1 jo + Miura condenser wing 3.64 x 1.82","mass_kg":280,"power_w_avg":60,"water_l_day":"+2.4 to +12","food_kg_week":0,"sleeps":0,"crew_minutes_week":15,"price_band_usd":"14,000-28,000","deploy_hours":3,"maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL","ports":["JO-PORT","potable out","reject to grey","PV-T heat loop"],"basis_note":"output calculated (24 kg x 0.1-0.5 L/kg/day, single-cycle passive basis); others target"},{"id":"MIZU-1","name":"Mizu water organ (WOTA-Unit class, partner)","family":"water","function":"Greywater regeneration up to 97% with rainwater make-up (vendor spec); 90-95% net assumed in desert conditions","folded_dims_m":"1.68 x 0.78 x 1.40 (fits 1 jo)","deployed_dims_m":"same","mass_kg":170,"power_w_avg":400,"water_l_day":"treatment capacity 438-720 (vendor); net loss 5-10% of a 60-100 L/person/day demand","food_kg_week":0,"sleeps":0,"crew_minutes_week":10,"price_band_usd":"partner OEM price (unknown in sweeps)","deploy_hours":3,"maturity":"PILOT (partner appliance, pre-mass-production)","ports":["JO-PORT","grey in","potable out","reject"],"basis_note":"mass, size, power and capacity are vendor claims (WOTA Unit, pre-mass-production); net loss calculated"},{"id":"HATA-4","name":"Hata farm cassette","family":"farm","function":"Lights-out 4-tier greens/herbs with tray shuttle","folded_dims_m":"0.91 x 1.82 x 2.40 (1 jo)","deployed_dims_m":"same","mass_kg":380,"power_w_avg":"about 600-800 (calculated)","water_l_day":"-10 gross, about -1 net with recapture","food_kg_week":"6.1-8.9","sleeps":0,"crew_minutes_week":"<= 30 (target)","price_band_usd":"12,000-22,000","deploy_hours":2,"maturity":"COMMERCIAL parts, EXPERIMENTAL autonomy","ports":["JO-PORT","nutrient","condensate","data"],"basis_note":"output from VF median yields (48-70 kg/m2/yr); power from lighting 11.5 kWh/day / 0.6-0.8 share; water from WUE 140 g/L; net water target"},{"id":"BYOBU-G","name":"Byobu aeroponic grow screen","family":"folding screen","function":"Room-divider herb farm; dry-fog roots with zeolite buffer","folded_dims_m":"0.91 x 0.15 x 1.82","deployed_dims_m":"2.73 x 0.91 x 1.82 (3 leaves)","mass_kg":60,"power_w_avg":120,"water_l_day":-3,"food_kg_week":"1-2 (target)","sleeps":0,"crew_minutes_week":15,"price_band_usd":"3,500-7,000","deploy_hours":0.5,"maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL","ports":["DC","nutrient"],"basis_note":"target"},{"id":"UKI-P","name":"Uki protein shelf","family":"farm","function":"Duckweed (Wolffia) skim trays, 4 tiers","folded_dims_m":"0.91 x 1.82 x 2.00","deployed_dims_m":"same","mass_kg":300,"power_w_avg":300,"water_l_day":-5,"food_kg_week":"0.23-0.46 dry (indoor LED planning value)","sleeps":0,"crew_minutes_week":15,"price_band_usd":"6,000-12,000","deploy_hours":2,"maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL","ports":["JO-PORT","nutrient","overflow"],"basis_note":"yield calculated: 6.6 m2 x 5-10 g/m2/day x 7 (indoor LED planning value; 14.9 g/m2/day was outdoor, sunlit, manure-fed); protein 20-45% of dry weight; power target incl. lighting"},{"id":"KAMADO-B","name":"Kamado larvae digester","family":"waste","function":"BSF larvae bin for kitchen and crop residue; frass to beds","folded_dims_m":"0.91 x 0.91 x 1.00","deployed_dims_m":"same","mass_kg":90,"power_w_avg":40,"water_l_day":0,"food_kg_week":"0.15-0.5 kg larvae/day from 1-2 kg waste","sleeps":0,"crew_minutes_week":15,"price_band_usd":"2,000-4,500","deploy_hours":0.5,"maturity":"COMMERCIAL kits, EXPERIMENTAL integration","ports":["air vent","data"],"basis_note":"larvae calculated at 15-25% wet bioconversion (pilot 190 kg -> 79 kg is on a dry-matter FCR basis); throughput target"},{"id":"KAWAYA-U","name":"Kawaya urine-diverting WC + zeolite exchange bed","family":"waste","function":"Dry toilet with urine MBBR and zeolite cartridge loader","folded_dims_m":"0.91 x 1.82 x 2.40 (1 jo, inside KURA)","deployed_dims_m":"same","mass_kg":160,"power_w_avg":25,"water_l_day":"0 (no flush)","food_kg_week":"urine N far exceeds one rack; surplus to outdoor beds or offtake (target 20-50% of urine N used)","sleeps":0,"crew_minutes_week":10,"price_band_usd":"4,000-8,000","deploy_hours":1,"maturity":"COMMERCIAL toilet, EXPERIMENTAL loop","ports":["JO-PORT","urine","vent","data"],"basis_note":"target"},{"id":"IRORI-H","name":"Irori radiant hearth (optional) + kotatsu table","family":"energy","function":"Optional 0.4-0.6 t sand or soapstone radiant hearth (core <= 250 C) on its own pier; the default heat store is a heat-pump water tank in KURA","folded_dims_m":"1.60 x 1.20 x 0.75 (sand filled on site; target)","deployed_dims_m":"same","mass_kg":650,"power_w_avg":"absorbs surplus; standby loss about 14%/day at full charge (calculated), useful in heating season","water_l_day":0,"food_kg_week":0,"sleeps":0,"crew_minutes_week":2,"price_band_usd":"4,000-9,000","deploy_hours":4,"maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL","ports":["DC heater input","fan","data"],"basis_note":"about 25 kWh thermal at 0.5 t and 230 K calculated (0.22 kWh/K/t); needs pier >= 10 kPa; others target"},{"id":"DENCHI-B","name":"Denchi dual-chemistry battery cabinet","family":"energy","function":"LFP 20-40 kWh inside + Na-ion 2-5 kWh in cold locker; Victron/Venus OS","folded_dims_m":"0.91 x 0.60 x 1.80","deployed_dims_m":"same","mass_kg":420,"power_w_avg":20,"water_l_day":0,"food_kg_week":0,"sleeps":0,"crew_minutes_week":2,"price_band_usd":"8,000-16,000","deploy_hours":2,"maturity":"COMMERCIAL","ports":["JO-PORT","DC bus","data"],"basis_note":"BNEF stationary pack price 70 USD/kWh (2025); installed 48 V LFP system about 200-400 USD/kWh used for budgets (20-40 kWh about USD 4-16k); cabinet price target"},{"id":"ASHI-4","name":"Ashi anchoring leg set","family":"anchoring","function":"4 self-levelling legs + one foot kit (pile, crate, ski, rock, pontoon)","folded_dims_m":"1.82 x 0.91 x 0.60 crate","deployed_dims_m":"4 legs, +/- 230 mm levelling","mass_kg":360,"power_w_avg":10,"water_l_day":0,"food_kg_week":0,"sleeps":0,"crew_minutes_week":2,"price_band_usd":"6,000-14,000","deploy_hours":3,"maturity":"COMMERCIAL parts, EXPERIMENTAL system","ports":["earth-tube collar","data"],"basis_note":"target; screw piles, jacks and bracing; concept feet (ski, pontoon, rock plate, rooftop ballast, regolith) need their own structural case"},{"id":"TSURU-1","name":"Tsuru service robot","family":"robot","function":"Crease-rail inchworm + cable-kit service robot","folded_dims_m":"0.60 x 0.40 x 0.40 case","deployed_dims_m":"reach one bay","mass_kg":30,"power_w_avg":60,"water_l_day":0,"food_kg_week":0,"sleeps":0,"crew_minutes_week":"-60 to -120 (saves)","price_band_usd":"lease 400-900 per month","deploy_hours":0.5,"maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL","ports":["rail sockets","charging dock JO-PORT"],"basis_note":"target: 25-35 kg body, 5-8 kg payload at full swing, 15 kg in double stance"},{"id":"HIMURO-C","name":"Himuro cold pantry (yakhchal 2.0)","family":"climate","function":"Compressor-free cool store: radiative roof, night-sky radiator, earth berm, windcatcher","folded_dims_m":"0.91 x 1.82 x 2.20","deployed_dims_m":"same + berm","mass_kg":350,"power_w_avg":20,"water_l_day":"+dew (site)","food_kg_week":0,"sleeps":0,"crew_minutes_week":5,"price_band_usd":"5,000-10,000","deploy_hours":6,"maturity":"EXPERIMENTAL","ports":["DC","data","dew gutter"],"basis_note":"target; sky radiator 40-80 W/m2 measured (J. Sol. Energy Eng. 1989)"},{"id":"SHOJI-K","name":"Shoji host-building kit","family":"F6 / interior","function":"Partition rooms for warehouses, malls, offices (any-space-indoors); kirigami shoji + PPS tubes","folded_dims_m":"0.91 x 1.82 x 0.08 panels","deployed_dims_m":"2-jo to 6-jo rooms","mass_kg":120,"power_w_avg":5,"water_l_day":0,"food_kg_week":0,"sleeps":2,"crew_minutes_week":2,"price_band_usd":"2,500-6,000 per room","deploy_hours":0.5,"maturity":"COMMERCIAL (PPS) + EXPERIMENTAL kirigami","ports":["clip to JO-PORT"],"basis_note":"target"}],"typologies":[{"id":"T1","name":"HATA-MURA autonomous farm","pitch":"A remote-premium farm that arrives in three containers and grows greens, herbs, fruit and duckweed protein for a remote site, resort or community, with under 3 crew hours per week per 6 cassettes.","default_modules":[{"id":"KURA-3","qty":1},{"id":"YOSHI-6G","qty":2},{"id":"HATA-4","qty":6},{"id":"UKI-P","qty":2},{"id":"BYOBU-G","qty":2},{"id":"KAMADO-B","qty":1},{"id":"MIZU-1","qty":1},{"id":"KUMO-12","qty":1},{"id":"KRES-7","qty":1},{"id":"MIURA-W","qty":2},{"id":"BYOBU-PV","qty":2},{"id":"DENCHI-B","qty":2},{"id":"HIMURO-C","qty":1},{"id":"ASHI-4","qty":4},{"id":"TSURU-1","qty":1}],"area_m2":"89.3 enclosed (calculated: 2 x 39.7 + 9.9)","people":"0-2 operators on site","outputs":"Greens 37-53 kg/week from cassettes (calculated 6 x 6.1-8.9) + daylight crops in vaults (site-dependent) + duckweed 0.5-0.9 kg dry/week (calculated, 2 LED shelves)","energy_note":"6 cassettes need about 3.6-4.8 kW average (calculated 6 x 600-800 W) = 86-115 kWh/day, beyond 2 wings + 2 fences (about 17 kWp). Honest rule: off-grid farms use daylight vaults first and size cassettes to PV; grid-tie or hydro for cassette-heavy sites.","deploy_days":5,"illustrative_capex_usd_range":"380,000-700,000 (target)","illustrative_revenue_or_savings":"Revenue = kg/week x local delivered price P; P must be validated per site (remote premium, not commodity lettuce: Bowery/Plenty lesson). No sweep-sourced price is assumed."},{"id":"T2","name":"TABI-NO-YADO 6-key hotel","pitch":"A ryokan-in-a-day: six gravity-dome suites around a YOSHI barrel lounge and two service cores, off-grid, staffless front-of-house, guest breakfast from its own farm.","default_modules":[{"id":"HOSHI-2","qty":6},{"id":"YOSHI-4","qty":1},{"id":"KURA-3","qty":2},{"id":"MIZU-1","qty":2},{"id":"KAWAYA-U","qty":2},{"id":"HATA-4","qty":1},{"id":"BYOBU-G","qty":1},{"id":"KAMADO-B","qty":1},{"id":"MIURA-W","qty":2},{"id":"BYOBU-PV","qty":2},{"id":"DENCHI-B","qty":3},{"id":"IRORI-H","qty":1},{"id":"ASHI-4","qty":9},{"id":"TSURU-1","qty":1},{"id":"KRES-7","qty":1}],"area_m2":"125.8 (calculated: 6 x 13.25 + 26.5 + 2 x 9.9)","people":"12 guests, 0 resident staff (remote operator + local runner)","outputs":"Up to 2,190 key-nights/yr (calculated 6 x 365); herbs and greens for breakfast","deploy_days":3,"illustrative_capex_usd_range":"450,000-850,000 (target)","illustrative_revenue_or_savings":"Gross room revenue USD 330k-440k/yr (calculated: 6 keys x 365 x USD 251 ADR x 60-80% occupancy; ADR and occupancy from sweep benchmarks). Opex share not sourced; payback must be underwritten per site."},{"id":"T3","name":"IE home (under the Appendix BB threshold)","pitch":"A 36.4 m2 water- and power-autonomous home that needs no foundation pour or utility trench; ships in one 40 ft container plus one 20 ft.","default_modules":[{"id":"KURA-3","qty":1},{"id":"YOSHI-4","qty":1},{"id":"MIURA-W","qty":1},{"id":"HATA-4","qty":1},{"id":"MIZU-1","qty":1},{"id":"KAWAYA-U","qty":1},{"id":"DENCHI-B","qty":1},{"id":"IRORI-H","qty":1},{"id":"KAMADO-B","qty":1},{"id":"ASHI-4","qty":2}],"area_m2":"36.4 (calculated 26.5 + 9.9; kept under the 37.2 m2 Appendix BB relaxation threshold by product choice, not legal limit)","people":"2-3","outputs":"6.1-8.9 kg greens/week (calculated); greywater recycled up to 97% with make-up (vendor spec), 90-95% net assumed","deploy_days":2,"illustrative_capex_usd_range":"110,000-190,000 (target)","illustrative_revenue_or_savings":"Benchmarks: Boxabl Casita USD 60k unit / 140k turnkey (2.33x site multiplier, retailer estimate); Ecocapsule off-grid EUR 2,130-2,265/m2 (36.4 m2 = EUR 78k-82k, calculated). ORIJO must justify its premium by farm, water loop and no site works; savings per site not sourced."},{"id":"T4","name":"KITA research station (8 people)","pitch":"A Halley-style relocatable station on skis or piles for polar, mountain or remote science, built in one summer window, with 200-250 mm PIR-equivalent polar panels.","default_modules":[{"id":"KURA-3","qty":2},{"id":"YOSHI-4","qty":4},{"id":"YOSHI-6G","qty":1},{"id":"HATA-4","qty":3},{"id":"UKI-P","qty":1},{"id":"MIZU-1","qty":2},{"id":"KAWAYA-U","qty":2},{"id":"IRORI-H","qty":2},{"id":"DENCHI-B","qty":4},{"id":"BYOBU-PV","qty":4},{"id":"KRES-7","qty":1},{"id":"MUTO-D","qty":4},{"id":"ASHI-4","qty":6},{"id":"TSURU-1","qty":2}],"area_m2":"165.5 (calculated 4 x 26.5 + 39.7 + 2 x 9.9)","people":8,"outputs":"Science base; fresh food 18-27 kg/week (calculated 3 x 6.1-8.9)","deploy_days":10,"illustrative_capex_usd_range":"1.2M-2.5M (target)","illustrative_revenue_or_savings":"Halley VI cost about GBP 26M for 2,000 m2 = GBP 13k/m2 (calculated); same rate x 165.5 m2 = GBP 2.15M. ORIJO target is at or below that per m2 with relocatability included."},{"id":"T5","name":"TSUKI lunar outpost (speculative)","pitch":"A 4-crew outpost architecture licensed to space partners; on Earth sold as analog stations.","default_modules":[{"id":"KURA-3","qty":2,"note":"as rigid end-caps"},{"id":"YOSHI-6G","qty":2,"note":"outer regolith shells over softgoods bladders"},{"id":"HATA-4","qty":4},{"id":"UKI-P","qty":2},{"id":"KRES-7","qty":2,"note":"inflatable radiator/comms towers"},{"id":"TSURU-1","qty":2},{"id":"ASHI-4","qty":3,"note":"regolith-bag feet"}],"area_m2":"about 99 (calculated 2 x 39.7 + 2 x 9.9)","people":4,"outputs":"Partial food closure (target 30-50%); water closure target ISS-class 98%","deploy_days":"robotic pre-deployment 30 days before crew (target)","illustrative_capex_usd_range":"Not estimable; Earth analog programme USD 2M-6M (target, partner funded)","illustrative_revenue_or_savings":"Licensing and analog-station sales; no revenue assumed in base plan."}],"environments":[{"id":"E1","name":"Rooftop (urban)","climate_numbers":"Climate of host city; roof surface temperatures reduced up to 6-7.4 C below ambient with radiative coatings (measured, sweep)","threats":["roof load limits","wind uplift at edges","no penetrations allowed","permits"],"kit_changes":["HOSHI pods and HATA cassettes before YOSHI","BaSO4 roof skin","windcatcher on hot sites"],"anchoring":"Zero-penetration ballast only for HOSHI-class pods after a structural check (about 1-2 t per HOSHI-2); YOSHI-4 needs a spreader steel frame on columns or beams, or mechanical tie-downs","energy_mix":"MIURA-W + building grid tie optional","water_source":"Roof rain + MIZU recycling; KUMO only in arid cities","module_swaps":"YOSHI-4 -> HOSHI-2 where ballast limits; SHOJI-K inside underused floors"},{"id":"E2","name":"Forest","climate_numbers":"Temperate/boreal; micro-hydro 300 W continuous = about 7.2 kWh/day where a stream exists (calculated in sweep)","threats":["tree fall","shade on PV","fire","roadless access"],"kit_changes":["parts <= 65 kg for routine drone delivery (DJI dual-battery spec)","moss/yakisugi skins","MUTO-D walkways between pods (site separation is top WTP attribute)"],"anchoring":"Screw piles between roots; no slab","energy_mix":"Micro-hydro bonus + BYOBU-PV in clearings + heat-pump water tank (optional IRORI hearth)","water_source":"Stream with membrane/UV + MIZU recycling","module_swaps":"MIURA-W reduced; HOSHI pods scattered"},{"id":"E3","name":"Desert (hot-arid, e.g. Atacama, Death Valley)","climate_numbers":"Design basis 40 C day / 5 C night (sweep PCM note); RH 21-88% range in Death Valley field test; sorbents work to 18-30% RH","threats":["dust","UV","overheating","no water"],"kit_changes":["KUMO-12 racks (one cycle per day, morning desorption) + fog mesh on coastal deserts","HIMURO cold pantry","BaSO4 skins and white-side-out louvre facets","PCM floor pouches","windcatchers"],"anchoring":"Screw piles in gravel; dunes need a site-specific case","energy_mix":"MIURA-W + glazed solar-thermal collectors (PV-T preheat) to KUMO; heat-pump tank for cold nights","water_source":"Recycle first (MIZU, 90-95% net) + KUMO harvest for drinking and cooking; commercial hydropanel or truck port for make-up","module_swaps":"YOSHI-6G glazed -> opaque white facets with OPV strips"},{"id":"E4","name":"Arctic / polar","climate_numbers":"Design to -30 C heat pump operation (COP about 1.55-1.85, low-confidence source); Na-ion rated to discharge at -25 C and charge at -15 C (manufacturer); polar night = PV near zero","threats":["cold, condensation in envelope","snow drift","long dark","battery freezing"],"kit_changes":["200-250 mm PIR-equivalent panels (VIP where thinner); whole-wall U <= 0.15 W/m2K target","Na-ion cold locker (keep-alive to -20 C tested)","heat-pump water tank + kotatsu (IRORI hearth optional)","HRV with frost pre-heat","sealed HATA with LED heat recovery","circadian lighting"],"anchoring":"Skis or skids with jack legs (Halley), or piles in permafrost","energy_mix":"BYOBU vertical bifacial (snow albedo) + small HAWT measured-site + seasonal store; winter deficit planned; generator backup honestly retained","water_source":"Snowmelt via RESCH roof valleys + MIZU recycling","module_swaps":"MIURA-W -> BYOBU-PV; KUMO removed"},{"id":"E5","name":"Mountain","climate_numbers":"Fog yields 4.5-22 L/m2/fog day at good sites (CloudFisher, measured); code snow loads per ASCE 7-22 at partial fold","threats":["wind","snow load","avalanche","access"],"kit_changes":["RESCH seasonal roof 66% in winter","fog-mesh skins","pin-locked legs with replaceable impact absorbers where an impact case exists","drone-sized parts"],"anchoring":"Rock-anchor plates + jack legs (speculative foot; needs its own structural case)","energy_mix":"Micro-hydro where available + BYOBU-PV + heat-pump tank","water_source":"Fog/rain + spring + MIZU","module_swaps":"YOSHI-6G -> YOSHI-4 polar panels"},{"id":"E6","name":"Coast / floating","climate_numbers":"Humid; refrigeration AWG works near 60% RH at about 0.3 kWh/L (measured); hull water as heat sink (Oceanix)","threats":["corrosion","storm surge","humidity and mould"],"kit_changes":["pontoon feet with PEX heat-exchange loop (speculative; buoyancy, mooring, biofouling and permits to be solved)","sweating-shell or ETFE skins","solar membrane distillation for seawater"],"anchoring":"HDPE pontoon cubes moored; or piles in tidal zones","energy_mix":"MIURA-W + floating PV + water-source heat pump","water_source":"Rain + MIZU + solar MD (4-5 L/m2/day stills, measured)","module_swaps":"KUMO -> MD still"},{"id":"E7","name":"Steppe / farmland","climate_numbers":"Continental; agrivoltaic land-use gains 35-73% (review, measured); raised PV structures unprofitable alone (Midwest study)","threats":["wind","hail","dry summers","cold winters"],"kit_changes":["BYOBU-PV fences as windbreaks over FarmBot beds","YOSHI-6G greenhouses","farm-stay hotel combination"],"anchoring":"Screw piles","energy_mix":"BYOBU-PV + MIURA-W; structures paid by room nights (agrivoltaic economics inverted)","water_source":"Well or rain + MIZU","module_swaps":"More outdoor beds, fewer cassettes"},{"id":"E8","name":"Lunar (speculative)","climate_numbers":"14-day lunar night; vacuum; regolith; 28-day light cycle","threats":["radiation","micrometeoroids","dust","thermal extremes","no atmosphere for harvesting"],"kit_changes":["softgoods pressure bladder inside YOSHI shell","regolith bags","Kilopower-class brick","sealed bioregenerative loop","no atmospheric harvester"],"anchoring":"Regolith-bag feet on laser-sintered pads","energy_mix":"Fission 1-10 kWe + PV; thermal store","water_source":"Imported + ISS/Lunar Palace-class recycling","module_swaps":"KUMO, HIMURO, MIURA weather functions removed"}],"value_chain":[{"step":1,"name":"Configure","duration":"15-60 minutes","who_or_what":"Customer + web configurator (rules engine, physics balance, binding kit and shipping price plus capped site-works estimate)","notes":"Site pin, typology, size; live litres/kWh/kg/nights"},{"step":2,"name":"Design-check","duration":"<= 48 h (target)","who_or_what":"Automated FE templates per fold family + licensed engineer sign-off for occupied units; permit pack generator (partner engineering firm under SLA)","notes":"Kill line: > 20 engineering hours per order"},{"step":3,"name":"Fabricate","duration":"5-10 working days (target)","who_or_what":"Licensed container micro-factory: CNC router cuts facets and cassettes, vacuum laminator applies KASANE membranes, cobot installs latches and wiring; partner OEMs supply MIZU, batteries, PV","notes":"Asset-light (Katerra/Veev lesson); AUAR benchmark up to 180 homes/yr per micro-factory"},{"step":4,"name":"Fold-pack and passport","duration":"1 day","who_or_what":"Factory crew + test rig: each module folded, latch-tested, weighed, centre-of-gravity logged in passport","notes":"Factory acceptance test is the first blower-door of each shell"},{"step":5,"name":"Ship","duration":"1-6 weeks","who_or_what":"Standard logistics","notes":"40 ft HC container (internal about 12.0 x 2.35 x 2.69 m, ISO assumption) holds 6 YOSHI half-shell packs = 3 YOSHI-4 rooms (calculated: 3 along x 2 high of 3.70 x 2.30 x 1.10 m; 80 mm panels) or 14-16 HOSHI pallets (calculated: 2.0 x 2.0 x 0.6 m, 6 floor positions x 2-3 high, limited by mass); packs are 2.30 m wide, inside EU, US and Japan road limits; IE home = 1 x 40 ft + 1 x 20 ft (KURA); 6-key hotel = 2 x 40 ft + 2 x 20 ft. Optional: hygromorph KASA facets cure during transit."},{"step":6,"name":"Site prep","duration":"0.5-1 day","who_or_what":"Local partner + compact excavator with auger, drone scan, ASHI legs","notes":"No pour, no trench (except optional earth tube)"},{"step":7,"name":"Unfold","duration":"2-4 h per YOSHI, 2 h per HOSHI (targets)","who_or_what":"Two-person crew + TSURU + 12 V winch or telehandler; karakuri counterweights","notes":"App-triggered sequence after checklist (TenFold interaction precedent)"},{"step":8,"name":"Commission","duration":"1-3 days; potable sign-off after lab result","who_or_what":"Remote commissioning engineer + TSURU: blower door, latch audit, JO-PORT enable sequence, MIZU biology start-up, battery/heat checks","notes":"Biology and potable approval may take longer than the build; hotel opens when water passes"},{"step":9,"name":"Operate","duration":"continuous","who_or_what":"Local-first firmware (Venus OS + Home Assistant), remote operator for 50-100 scattered units (target), local runner, TSURU","notes":"Invisible autonomy; human escalation"},{"step":10,"name":"Service","duration":"scheduled + condition-based","who_or_what":"TSURU swaps cartridges; quarterly runner visit; rented legged inspector per cluster; drone resupply","notes":"Shikinen twin-pad swaps"},{"step":11,"name":"Upgrade / relocate / return","duration":"1-3 days","who_or_what":"Same crew in reverse; micro-factory refurbish line","notes":"Modules re-leased or resold; site restored by unscrewing piles"}],"roadmap":[{"phase":1,"name":"Bench (prove the hinge)","dates":"2027-01 to 2027-12","build":"KASANE hinge rig (M01 hinge >= 500 cycles by month 4), half-length YOSHI shell, KUMO-2 bench, two HATA cassettes in a reefer container, JO-PORT tiles, TSURU v0","gate":"G1: hinge passes 2,000 cycles and box q50 <= 1.5 m3/(h.m2); cone-calorimeter fire screen; half-length YOSHI deploys <= 4 h with shell q50 <= 1.5; KUMO >= 0.3 L/kg/day field (CaCl2) or >= 0.2 (MOF-303)","sold":"MIURA-W canopies, KRES masts and KUMO benches to research and remote-site operators (unoccupied, staffed)"},{"phase":2,"name":"Pavilion (first sleepers)","dates":"2028-01 to 2028-12","build":"Owned showroom campground (MUJI lesson) with 6 HOSHI pods + 1 YOSHI-4 lounge in a temperate site and a 3-key desert pilot","gate":"G2: 12 months, occupancy >= 60%, zero envelope failures, water availability >= 99.9%; full-length YOSHI-4 winter logging and 20-cycle wear test passed","sold":"Room nights; hotel pilot leases to landowners"},{"phase":3,"name":"Catalogue (sell the system)","dates":"2029-01 to 2030-12","build":"Public configurator, 2-3 licensed and state-certified micro-factories, IE home (under the Appendix BB threshold) and HATA-MURA farm SKUs","gate":"G3: 100 units in field, unit gross margin >= 30% (target), <= 15 working days from deposit and approved site survey to shipped kit","sold":"Hardware + shikinen lease + consumables + service"},{"phase":4,"name":"Extreme (polar, mountain, floating)","dates":"2031-01 to 2033-12","build":"KITA station kits with polar/mountain partners; pontoon variants","gate":"G4: one winter-over station with water recovery >= 95%","sold":"Research stations, resort clusters, disaster-dual-use water and shelter fleets"},{"phase":5,"name":"Tsuki (license the grammar)","dates":"2034-01 onward","build":"Partner-funded lunar analog stations; IP licensing to space habitat companies","gate":"G5: 30-day crewed unpressurised analog with total water recovery >= 85% (>= 93% with a urine distiller) and a separate uncrewed bladder article bursting at >= 4x MDP","sold":"Analog stations, licences; Earth catalogue continues"}],"business":{"revenue_streams":[{"stream":"Hardware margin","description":"Sale of modules and typologies through configurator"},{"stream":"Shikinen lease (habitat-as-a-service)","description":"Monthly lease per module with financed renewal; OpCo/PropCo structure for hotels"},{"stream":"Consumables","description":"Mineral terroir cartridges, zeolite bed regeneration and liquid fertiliser offtake, sorbent cassettes, UV modules, chalk wash, seed cartridges"},{"stream":"Service and fleet","description":"Remote operations, TSURU lease, scheduled runner visits"},{"stream":"Micro-factory licensing","description":"Per-module royalty on licensed production"},{"stream":"Revenue share","description":"Share of room-nights or farm output on Anyground-operated sites"},{"stream":"Analog and licensing (later)","description":"Polar/lunar analog stations and grammar licences"}],"unit_economics_illustrative":{"label":"ILLUSTRATIVE - targets and calculations only, not underwriting","hotel_6_key":{"capex_usd":"450,000-850,000 (target)","gross_room_revenue_usd_per_yr":"330,000-440,000 (calculated: 6 x 365 x 251 x 0.6-0.8)","revenue_per_m2_night_usd":"10-19 for pods (sweep benchmark)","note":"Opex, taxes and land rent unsourced; must be underwritten"},"module_lease":{"example":"HOSHI-2 leased at a monthly rate below one week of one night ADR is the sweep's financing pattern (lease payment < one night ADR per week)","note":"target"},"consumables":{"note":"Recurring revenue per site targeted at 5-10% of hardware value per year (target, unvalidated)"},"gross_margin_target":">= 30% at gate G3 (target)"},"benchmarks":[{"name":"Glamping market","value":"USD 2.3-6B global, about 10-12% CAGR (reports disagree 2-3x)","source":"https://www.quantumrun.com/consulting/glamping-market-statistics/"},{"name":"US glamping ADR","value":"USD 251 (2025); occupancy pods 60-80%","source":"https://mobilehomebuild.com/revenue-performance-nightly-rates-occupancy/"},{"name":"Pod vs cabin capex","value":"pod USD 30k-85k vs cabin 140k-410k all-in; deploy 4-12 weeks vs 8-18 months","source":"https://mobilehomebuild.com/revenue-performance-nightly-rates-occupancy/"},{"name":"Glamping share of camping","value":"29% (2025)","source":"https://rawtravel.tv/prnewswire?rkey=20260414LA33436&filter=8919"},{"name":"Postcard Cabins","value":"29 sites, > 1,200 cabins, acquired by Marriott Dec 2024","source":"https://www.hoteldive.com/news/marriott-outdoor-collection-postcard-cabins-trailborn/735447/"},{"name":"AutoCamp","value":"9 sites, > 700 units, > USD 150M lifetime revenue; Reg CF 2026","source":"https://moderncampground.com/usa/autocamp-launches-sec-registered-crowdfunding-campaign-to-support-expansion/"},{"name":"Boxabl","value":"USD 60k unit / 140k turnkey (retailer estimate, ecoprefabs.com); 2025 revenue USD 1.5M, net loss 57.5M; 38% built-to-delivered (285 of 744)","source":"https://startupfortune.com/boxabl-shares-jump-20-percent-as-tiny-home-startup-debuts-on-nasdaq/"},{"name":"Ecocapsule","value":"EUR 2,130-2,265/m2 off-grid with 8.3 kWp / 23.2 kWh","source":"https://www.ecocapsule.sk/"},{"name":"Living Vehicle","value":"USD 640k for 6 kW PV / 72 kWh trailer","source":"https://www.theautopian.com/i-toured-the-outrageously-expensive-16000-pound-living-vehicle-camper-and-its-like-a-mobile-fortress/"},{"name":"MUJI Hut","value":"JPY 3.0M all-in for 9.1 m2 (2017)","source":"https://ateliercabin.com/cases/muji-hut"},{"name":"ICON Phoenix","value":"from USD 25/sq ft walls; 80/sq ft with foundation and roof (launch pricing)","source":"https://www.inceptivemind.com/icon-phoenix-printer-3d-prints-multi-story-houses-faster-cheaper/36952/"},{"name":"Vertical farm failures","value":"Bowery > USD 700M raised, closed 2024; Plenty Chapter 11 2025; Freight Farms Chapter 7 2025","source":"https://elevenflo.com/blog/plenty-unlimited-bankruptcy"}]},"comparables":[{"org":"SAGA Space Architects","what_they_do":"LUNARK rigid-panel origami habitat, 3-month Greenland analog, circadian light","anyground_learns":"Origami habitats can be lived in; circadian light is a standard feature","anyground_differs":"Cheap composites, catalogue SKUs and Earth revenue first","source":"https://www.saga.dk/projects/lunark"},{"org":"Moon Village Association","what_they_do":"Not covered in the research sweeps; listed at the brief's request without a sourced claim","anyground_learns":"(to research)","anyground_differs":"Earth-revenue-first company, not an association","source":"none in sweeps"},{"org":"WOTA","what_they_do":"Autonomous greywater regeneration (Unit up to 97% with rainwater make-up, pre-mass-production; BOX about 98%, vendor claims), Noto disaster deployments","anyground_learns":"A sealed shower-water appliance (BOX) is buyable now and the whole-home Unit is close; disaster dual-use from a dedicated fleet","anyground_differs":"Integrates WOTA-class organ into a jo-port habitat with harvest make-up and nutrient loop; partner, not competitor","source":"https://wota.co.jp/en/wota-unit/"},{"org":"Spread","what_they_do":"Automated lettuce factory, 30,000 heads/day design","anyground_learns":"Ruthless tray standardisation","anyground_differs":"Distributed, habitat-sized cassettes; no megafarm","source":"https://www.foodengineeringmag.com/articles/94320-japan-to-develop-fully-automated-lettuce-factory"},{"org":"ICON","what_they_do":"3D-printed walls (Phoenix), Mars Dune Alpha, Olympus lunar regolith","anyground_learns":"Moon story backed by NASA contracts; cost per sq ft framing","anyground_differs":"Folds and relocates instead of printing permanent walls; prints only plinths/pads","source":"https://www.inceptivemind.com/icon-phoenix-printer-3d-prints-multi-story-houses-faster-cheaper/36952/"},{"org":"TenFold Engineering","what_they_do":"Self-deploying TF-20, 20 x 8 ft to 20 x 20 ft in under an hour","anyground_learns":"App-triggered unfold, self-levelling","anyground_differs":"about 2.6x vs about 1.9x on the same basis (exterior pack to interior deployed, calculated); light panels instead of 12,000 lb steel frame; 2.30 m packs vs TenFold 8 ft folded width","source":"https://tenfoldengineering.com/tf-20"},{"org":"Boxabl","what_they_do":"Folding studio at road width","anyground_learns":"Folding transport is not a business; site works and permits are","anyground_differs":"No foundation, off-grid, revenue-attached typologies, asset-light factories","source":"https://startupfortune.com/boxabl-shares-jump-20-percent-as-tiny-home-startup-debuts-on-nasdaq/"},{"org":"Ecocapsule","what_they_do":"Off-grid micro-units priced per m2","anyground_learns":"Price anchor EUR 2.1-2.3k/m2","anyground_differs":"Transport density, farm and water loops, platform","source":"https://www.ecocapsule.sk/"},{"org":"MUJI","what_they_do":"Hut as a catalogue product; brand-owned stays","anyground_learns":"One SKU, one price; showroom you can sleep in","anyground_differs":"Autonomous systems inside the essential form","source":"https://ateliercabin.com/cases/muji-hut"},{"org":"Sekisui House / Heim","what_they_do":"Factory housing, HAPPS mass customisation","anyground_learns":"Configurator + kitting backbone","anyground_differs":"Flat-folded logistics, no crane","source":"https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139924153.006"},{"org":"WikiHouse / Open Systems Lab","what_they_do":"Open CNC timber chassis, U 0.14","anyground_learns":"Distributed cutting; certification path","anyground_differs":"Folded thick panels with membrane hinges","source":"https://www.wikihouse.cc/product"},{"org":"AUAR","what_they_do":"Robotic container micro-factories as a service","anyground_learns":"Asset-light production","anyground_differs":"Fold-pack and passport step; origami tooling","source":"https://www.globalconstructionreview.com/uk-start-up-ships-two-robotic-housebuilding-micro-factories-to-the-us/"},{"org":"Max Space / Sierra Space","what_they_do":"Softgoods expandable habitats","anyground_learns":"10x planned pack ratio (2 to 20 m3, unflown); restraint layers","anyground_differs":"Rigid outer fold shell + softgoods inside for lunar; Earth analog partner","source":"https://techcrunch.com/2024/07/27/max-space-reinvents-expandable-habitats-with-a-17th-century-twist-launching-in-2026/"},{"org":"British Antarctic Survey (Halley VI)","what_they_do":"Relocatable station on jack legs and skis","anyground_learns":"Buildings with legs; relocation","anyground_differs":"Catalogue-scale, folded, fraction of cost per m2 (target)","source":"https://www.bas.ac.uk/polar-operations/sites-and-facilities/facility/halley/halley-vi-research-station-design/"},{"org":"Oishii","what_they_do":"Robotic strawberry vertical farm, USD 370M raised","anyground_learns":"Premium fruit survives where lettuce failed","anyground_differs":"Fixed-coordinate fruit walls inside habitats","source":"https://verticalfarming.blog/oishii-series-c-vertical-farming-investors/"},{"org":"Freight Farms","what_they_do":"Container farm (Chapter 7, 2025)","anyground_learns":"Vendor-cloud lock-in kills customers","anyground_differs":"Local-first open firmware, escrow","source":"https://www.verticalfarmdaily.com/article/9728357/freight-farms-files-for-chapter-7-bankruptcy-leaving-growers-disconnected/"},{"org":"Atoco / SOURCE / AirJoule","what_they_do":"MOF and hydropanel water from air","anyground_learns":"Low-grade-heat sorption; mineralisation cartridges","anyground_differs":"Recycle-first sizing makes the harvester small; partner as make-up supplier","source":"https://www.wired.com/story/startup-atoco-makes-water-from-air-using-data-centers/"},{"org":"Polar Night Energy","what_they_do":"Sand thermal batteries 100-250 MWh","anyground_learns":"Heat in sand is cheap storage","anyground_differs":"Small radiant hearth only as an optional comfort product; at 0.5 t it loses about 14%/day (calculated), so a heat-pump water tank is the default store","source":"https://newatlas.com/energy/largest-sand-battery-finland-pornainen/"},{"org":"Postcard Cabins / Marriott","what_they_do":"Clustered micro-cabin network acquired by Marriott","anyground_learns":"Exit precedent; drive-to radius playbook","anyground_differs":"Off-grid, anywhere sites; hardware + ops stack","source":"https://www.hoteldive.com/news/marriott-outdoor-collection-postcard-cabins-trailborn/735447/"}],"visual_briefs":{"style_global":"Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos.","images":[{"id":"I01","title":"Atacama barrel-vault pavilion at dawn","fold_pattern":"Rigid-foldable quadrilateral-panel barrel vault, 2 ken span x 4 ken long, facets 80 mm thick, membrane hinges with bellows, thermally broken latches every 910 mm along ridges","context":"Atacama salt flat, pink dawn, Andes behind","prompt":"A single rigid-foldable faceted barrel-vault pavilion 3.6 m span and 7.3 m long stands on four slender self-levelling legs on an Atacama salt flat at dawn; quadrilateral-faceted washi-white panels catch low pink light, each ridge crease capped by a thin bronze rail, a charred-cedar service core docked at one gable, a Miura-folded PV engawa canopy extended over a hinoki deck, a Kresling water mast beside it. Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."},{"id":"I02","title":"Hinge macro","fold_pattern":"KASANE hinge between two 80 mm sandwich facets: tight axis-face membrane, opening-face bellows, edge closeouts, one-direction offset stop","context":"Macro detail, studio-dark background","prompt":"Extreme macro cross-section of an origami building hinge: two 80 mm insulated sandwich panels (FRP skins, pale PIR core, pultruded GFRP edge closeout with aerogel strip behind) meeting at a crease, a tight coated-fabric membrane on the hinge-axis face and a slack bellows loop on the opening face, an EPDM bulb gasket, a thermally broken over-centre latch with a small bronze cam on the inside face, a drainage channel in the valley. Engineering cutaway clarity, Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."},{"id":"I03","title":"Flat pack in a container","fold_pattern":"YOSHI half-shell packs folded flat as offset-panel stacks","context":"Inside a 40 ft high-cube shipping container, factory light","prompt":"Six flat-folded half-vault packs, each 3.7 x 2.3 x 1.1 m, stacked two high in three positions inside an open 40 ft high-cube container, bronze latch heads and fabric hinge edges visible on the stack faces, hinoki crating, QR passport tags, a forklift waiting outside in a clean micro-factory yard. Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."},{"id":"I04","title":"Tatami socket","fold_pattern":"JO-PORT floor tile 910 x 1820 mm with three-ball kinematic datum and utility islands","context":"Interior close-up, raked light","prompt":"Top-down view of a 910 x 1820 mm hinoki floor tile with a recessed cast-aluminium port box: three bronze-capped datum balls, separate stainless water couplers coloured indigo, a DC connector, NFC tag, dovetail sliding keys on the tile edges; a water regeneration appliance hovering 5 cm above, guided by lead-in cones. Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."},{"id":"I05","title":"Arctic research station on skis","fold_pattern":"Four YOSHI-4 vaults in thick polar panels, Janus facets black side out, BYOBU vertical bifacial PV fence","context":"Svalbard-like snowfield, blue hour, polar night lighting","prompt":"A relocatable research station of four faceted barrel vaults and two charred-cedar service cores raised on hydraulic jack legs ending in skis on a snowfield at blue hour; facets dark side out to absorb sun, warm interior light through kirigami shoji gables, a zig-zag vertical bifacial PV fence doubling as snow fence, a Kresling mast with small horizontal-axis turbine. Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."},{"id":"I06","title":"Rooftop farm-hotel in Tokyo","fold_pattern":"HOSHI PBAD gravity-dome pods and HATA cassettes on ballast crates, Miura wing canopy","context":"Tokyo rooftop at dusk, city behind","prompt":"On a flat Tokyo rooftop, three faceted gravity-dome sleeping pods and a Miura-folded PV canopy sit on bagged-sand ballast boxes over the roof columns aligned to tatami modules, no roof penetrations; a glowing four-tier lettuce cassette visible through a shoji gable, dusk skyline. Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."},{"id":"I07","title":"Forest gravity pods","fold_pattern":"HOSHI PBAD thick-panel domes, moss-receptive skin, MUTO-D origami footbridges","context":"Japanese cedar forest, mist, morning","prompt":"Scattered faceted dome pods among tall cedars, each on four slender screw-pile legs, connected by folded origami footbridges of uniform-thickness panels; moss beginning to colonise lower panels, hinoki decks, lantern light. Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."},{"id":"I08","title":"Desert water rack","fold_pattern":"KUMO sorbent cassette rack with Miura condenser wing, PV-T backsheet heat plates","context":"Arizona high desert, midday glare","prompt":"A tall white rack of sealed sorbent cassettes on folded copper lamellae, louvres closed for midday desorption, piped to PV-T panels; a Miura-folded radiative-cooling condenser wing on the shaded side with droplets running down valley creases into a bronze gutter; mineral stone cartridge and UV-C ring visible on a tap. Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."},{"id":"I09","title":"Kresling water mast","fold_pattern":"Seven-cell bistable Kresling cylinder, 1.2 m diameter, 6.3 m tall","context":"Steppe farmland, golden hour","prompt":"A twisted triangulated Kresling tower 6.3 m tall of white composite panels with bronze collar rings between cells, the lower cells holding a water bladder, the top carrying comms and a small turbine, beside a faceted barrel greenhouse vault on open steppe. Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."},{"id":"I10","title":"Autonomous farm interior","fold_pattern":"HATA cassettes on jo grid inside a YOSHI-6 glazed vault, ETFE facets with OPV strips","context":"Interior, diffuse daylight","prompt":"Inside a glazed barrel greenhouse vault: rows of four-tier lettuce cassettes on a tatami grid, trays on rollers, fixed cameras over each tier, a cherry-tomato fruit wall with a rail-mounted arm, duckweed shelves glowing green, a wax-motor ridge vent open. Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."},{"id":"I11","title":"Tsuru on the ridge","fold_pattern":"TSURU inchworm robot on the ridge rail of a YOSHI vault","context":"Exterior, overcast, coastal wind","prompt":"A compact two-footed inchworm robot in sumi-black anodised aluminium locked into datum sockets on the ridge rail of a faceted barrel vault, clipped to a fall-arrest trolley, closing a latch with a tool head; sea and grey sky behind. Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."},{"id":"I12","title":"Irori hearth interior","fold_pattern":"Kotatsu table and optional IRORI radiant hearth on its own plinth inside a YOSHI vault","context":"Winter interior, night","prompt":"Interior of a faceted barrel vault at night: a low hinoki kotatsu table beside a compact stone-clad radiant hearth on its own plinth, heated sleeping platform, washi diffused circadian lighting, quadrilateral-facet ceiling with latch heads visible, snow outside the kirigami shoji gable. Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."},{"id":"I13","title":"Mountain hut with Ron Resch roof","fold_pattern":"RESCH thick-panel seasonal roof at 66% fold over a KURA core, fog mesh skin","context":"Alpine ridge, fog","prompt":"A charred-cedar service core with a deeply folded Ron Resch star-tuck roof shedding snow, a fog-collecting mesh wrapped on a Kresling mast, anchored by rock plates and jack legs on an alpine ridge in fog. Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."},{"id":"I14","title":"Floating ryokan","fold_pattern":"YOSHI-4 lounge and HOSHI pods on HDPE pontoon feet","context":"Calm lake at sunrise","prompt":"A small floating hotel of faceted dome pods and a faceted barrel lounge on modular white pontoons with mooring lines, folded origami gangways, mist on the water. Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."},{"id":"I15","title":"Lunar outpost","fold_pattern":"TSUKI: YOSHI-6 rigid-panel shell carrying regolith bags over a softgoods bladder, KURA end-caps, inflatable Kresling radiator towers","context":"Lunar south pole, low sun, long shadows","prompt":"A lunar outpost: two rigid faceted barrel shells half-covered in regolith bags, domed pressure end-caps with hatches, bistable Kresling towers carrying radiators, laser-sintered landing pad, earth on horizon; same bronze-and-white design language. Photoreal space render, credible engineering. "},{"id":"I16","title":"Micro-factory","fold_pattern":"Micro-factory shed vacuum-laminating KASANE membranes onto a flat quadrilateral crease pattern","context":"Factory interior","prompt":"Inside a leased shed holding a containerised micro-factory kit: a CNC router cutting a quadrilateral facet, a vacuum table laminating coated fabric across a flat quadrilateral crease pattern, a cobot inserting latches, racks of folded packs with passport tags. Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."},{"id":"I17","title":"Host-building hotel","fold_pattern":"SHOJI-K kirigami shoji rooms and paper tubes inside an empty warehouse","context":"Warehouse interior, skylights","prompt":"An empty concrete warehouse transformed into a quiet hotel: rooms of folding kirigami shoji panels and paper tubes on a tatami grid, water regeneration showers in compact cores, a lettuce wall glowing, soft skylight. Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."},{"id":"I18","title":"Janus flip facets","fold_pattern":"Janus facets on bistable kirigami hinges, half white-out half black-out","context":"Facade detail, low winter sun","prompt":"Close view of a facade of square facets, some flipped white side out, some black, each pivoting on a bistable kirigami hinge driven by a small brass wax-piston opener; aerogel edge visible; low winter sun. Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."},{"id":"I19","title":"Curved-crease canopy","fold_pattern":"KASA self-shaped hinoki bilayer canopy, single curvature","context":"Courtyard of a farm hotel","prompt":"A gently curved timber canopy of self-shaped hinoki bilayer segments over a hinoki courtyard, ETFE film above, filtering light onto a dining table set with harvested greens. Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."},{"id":"I20","title":"Configurator to site","fold_pattern":"Exploded axonometric of a 6-key hotel order on the jo grid","context":"Clean product render, washi background","prompt":"Exploded axonometric product illustration of a complete six-suite hotel kit: dome pods, faceted barrel-vault lounge, two cedar cores, water organs, farm cassette, battery cabinets, legs and feet types, each labelled by silhouette only, arranged on a faint tatami grid, MUJI catalogue style, photoreal materials. "},{"id":"I21","title":"Steppe farm stay","fold_pattern":"BYOBU-PV vertical bifacial fences over FarmBot beds, YOSHI-6 greenhouses","context":"Kazakh steppe, summer evening","prompt":"Long zig-zag vertical bifacial solar fences acting as windbreaks over raised beds tended by a gantry robot, two glazed barrel greenhouses and three pods, steppe grasses, evening light. Photoreal architectural photography, Japanese minimalism, washi-white folded panels with matte FRP texture, hinoki timber sills, charred-cedar (yakisugi) service core, patinated bronze hinge knuckles and latches visible at every crease, credible engineering detail, soft natural light, 35mm lens, no people unless stated, no text, no logos."}],"videos":[{"id":"V01","title":"Atacama unfold","fold_pattern":"YOSHI-4 half-shell packs to vault","first_frame":"A flat-folded 3.7 x 0.9 x 2.3 m pack on an Atacama salt flat, legs levelling","last_frame":"Sealed barrel-vault pavilion with Miura wing extended and Kresling mast up, sunset","transformation":"Gable portal winches out and the whole half-shell rises together on one degree of freedom while haunch shoes slide along the sill rails; the second half joins at a splice frame; TSURU walks the ridge closing latches; Miura wing unfurls; time-lapse 4 hours in 20 seconds","prompt":"Time-lapse photoreal video of a thick-panel rigid-foldable origami barrel vault unfolding from two flat stacks into a pavilion in the Atacama, washi-white facets, bronze latches, gable frame moving along floor rails, a small inchworm robot latching ridges, Japanese minimalism, credible mechanics, no text."},{"id":"V02","title":"Hinge breath","fold_pattern":"KASANE hinge close-up through a full fold","first_frame":"Two facets flat, membrane slack","last_frame":"Facets at design dihedral, latch closed, gasket compressed","transformation":"Macro: membrane tensions, offset faces meet as stop, latch cam rotates over centre","prompt":"Macro photoreal animation of an insulated origami building hinge folding to its stop, continuous fabric membrane, bronze cam latch closing, gasket compressing, studio light."},{"id":"V03","title":"Gravity pod drop","fold_pattern":"HOSHI PBAD dome","first_frame":"Pallet-sized stack lifted by a tripod winch in a cedar forest","last_frame":"Faceted dome pod on four legs with warm light inside","transformation":"Crown released, gravity unfolds panels in tens of seconds, wire tension controls, floor ring latches","prompt":"Photoreal video of a thick-panel gravity-deployed origami dome pod unfolding from a pallet stack in a misty cedar forest, controlled by a single wire, Japanese minimalism."},{"id":"V04","title":"Kresling mast rise","fold_pattern":"7-cell bistable Kresling","first_frame":"Short white drum on steppe","last_frame":"6.3 m twisted tower with water tank and turbine","transformation":"Cells snap open one by one with each air pulse, twisting upward","prompt":"Photoreal video of a bistable Kresling origami tower rising cell by cell with a twist from a short drum to a 6 m utility mast on steppe farmland, golden hour."},{"id":"V05","title":"Water from night air","fold_pattern":"KUMO rack + Miura condenser","first_frame":"Desert night, louvres open, stars","last_frame":"Noon, louvres closed, water filling a glass at a tap with UV ring","transformation":"Night capture, dawn shutter, PV-T heat, droplets running down Miura valley creases, mineral cartridge, tap","prompt":"Photoreal day-night time-lapse of a desert atmospheric water harvester rack with sorbent cassettes and a Miura-folded radiative condenser, droplets in valley creases, ending on a glass filled at a minimalist hinoki tap."},{"id":"V06","title":"Seasonal Ron Resch roof","fold_pattern":"RESCH tessellation 33% to 66% fold","first_frame":"Summer: flat roof covered in PV, green mountain","last_frame":"Winter: deeply folded roof shedding snow into valley gutters","transformation":"Seasonal time-lapse, roof folds deeper as snow arrives, meltwater channels","prompt":"Photoreal seasonal time-lapse of a thick-panel Ron Resch origami roof on a cedar mountain hut changing from flat summer state to deeply folded winter state, snow sliding into gutters."},{"id":"V07","title":"Order to Moon","fold_pattern":"All families","first_frame":"A hand drops a pin on a map in a minimalist configurator","last_frame":"Same barrel shell on the Moon carrying regolith bags","transformation":"Configurator -> CNC cut -> lamination -> fold-pack -> container -> unfold on rooftop, desert, arctic, lake -> lunar version","prompt":"Photoreal montage film following one origami habitat kit from web configurator to container micro-factory, flat-pack shipping and unfolding on a rooftop, a desert, an Arctic snowfield and a lake, ending with the same faceted shell on the lunar surface, Japanese minimalism, washi white and bronze."}]}}